Independence for women Essay Example for Free

Independence for women EssayIndependence of women Speaking of womens independence, people ordain think of the image that women determined to fght with men in workplace. This is widely recognized in our spiritedness. In fact, the independence not only mean argue with men in the career, its about women find their own face or not. So independence is a self-understanding because it may decide you can get more personal benefit from the economic, ideological or social, and it will feed you have a good attitude and new values. Women should be economically self-governing, and then they have qualified to talk about respect or quality.In order to make a living, unmarried women cant put hopes on marry the rich men. Many girls who always rely on rich men, oer time, those men may feel tired. Because of economic problems, the girls boyfriend will have contradiction with you. If there are more and more conflicts, your feeling will fade. Moreover, Women should financial backing their own Job or still have economic source when they married. In chocolate movie, Josephine because of her identity has problem. She had to rely on her husband. His husband thought her life was saved by him. So he hit and humiliated her all the time.She cant get respect or equality in her family. Ideology determines womens behavior, so only being able to form their own opinions, it will make you behavior gets more approval from others. Womens behavior is their expression of ideology. People often said, howling(prenominal) thinking, wonderful life. In chocolate movie, the heroine has her own opinions. She always did everything according to her ideas. Finally she got more attention and help people change old opinions. Besides, Ideology affects womens relationships with others. even so some men like give women suggestions or ideas.If women have different mind to share with them, they may be amazed at womens thinking, and also will praise women. Social in subordinate make women adapt to social development and change, and it leads you have more improve. Women easy to lost goal or mind in the constantly changing society. Women cant expect someone can give you ideas. In the namesake movie, the heroines husband always stays with her, and helps her figure out problems. When she lost her husband, she didnt endure how to continue the rest of live. Social independence can attract more attention from others.In chocolate ovie, because of the leading lady was good at independent living, it makes people pay attention to her. Finally, they found, it leads their life to good direction. Therefore, it won more respect and love for her. All in all, women independence doesnt mean completely dependent on others, it is womens self-understanding because it can get more benefit, and it will get more love and attention from other people. So, economic, ideological or social independent is inevitable for women. At the same time, I hope every woman have ability to independently, and they can pl ay more and more important role in social life, including myself.

Emirates Airlines: Key Performance Indicator Analysis

Emirates Airlines Key mathematical process Indicator AnalysisIn this simulation you chose a sector to operate in (budget, mid-range or high life). What bemuse you learned about these sectors as a result of your experience in this simulation? What would you deem done differently at the author of the simulation and why? What would you get under ones skin done differently to be more successful during the simulation and why?In this sector we operated as Emirates Airlines in mid-range as a view that thither is a huge population in the sector and even if circumstances favours even budget and luxury passengers would opt for mid-range. In this sense during the start we sold 3 flights which we had as it doesnt had head room and toilets and readd three flights for the proceeding. We started foremost quarter selling tickets for 35 cents and its a faulting that we changed to luxury skyway selling for 48 cents right later on the 1st quarter. As this would have changed our target custo mer and all the operation should also been changed accordingly. We incurred overweight put downs on Promotion and ad which hadnt created any impact. There were complaints from customer for poor food suffices which we acquire and started allocating cost for property and services. High concentration would have been do on support and market research which is the important factor in competitive industry like Airline.There atomic number 18 certain factors which kindle be focused and done differently at the informant of the stimulationStrategic Approach we did not have any strategic approach when we started our simulation. And that is the origin we had made unreasonable decisions like shift to luxury and sales of aircraft. if we had a strategic approach we would have sold the flights when at that place is huge profit and avoided submit payment to be added in the expenses. in any case we would have shifted to luxury at least after the 4th quarter when we had a good customer suitcase and market. Hence instead of having a single strategy, it would have been better if we had followed a mixture of strategies in foothold of pricing, marketing and services.Systematic Approach in that location is no systematic approach at the beginning of the simulation. We blindly sold the flights without ascertaining the financial position and brought new flights during 6th quarter which we wrongly numbered and resulted in the get of another(prenominal) 3 flights when the caller-up is already in a loss and thereby realised and sold a flight at 7th quarter. The fuel, flight operation and maintenance cost got drastic increase and because of the increase in the number of passengers we did not suffer huge loss. Hence if we had a systematic approach from the beginning we would have reached a good profit.Pricing A price cue is defined as any marketing tactic used to persuade customers that prices twisting good value compared to competitors prices, past prices or future pric es (Rao, 2010 150) at first we sold the tickets for 35 cents as mid-range airline and suddenly hiked the price to 48cents as luxury airline. We did not have idea about the impact and did not take steps to offer service according rather invested in promotion and advertisement. We realised it as mistake and felt that the pricing is an important factor in attracting customers only during 5th quarter and reduce the price to 40 cents and only after that we were about to increase the number of customer. Hence if the pricing factor has given signifi bumt importance on the start of the simulation, the company would have escaped from losses.Actions would have been taken during the stimulation for successProper maintenance of aircraft in order to avoid fine from FAA.Good system for customer reservation system to be flexible, fast and user-friendly.Strong investment in market research to enable sales forecast and market authority analysis.Proper training and prime(prenominal) to straighten out the customer feel satisfied and get the luxury in food and other services.Good systematic maintenance of accounts in loan interest repayment, lease payment, depreciation in order to have a clear view of the actual profit.Strategic allocation of expenses on promotion and advertisement, sales forecast and kind doingStrategic approach on pricing and increasing the number of sales person according the number of flights operated.What were the KPIs you used in running your airline and did they change? Critically appraise the value of the information you had available to you in the results packs during the simulation. How did you use this to affect your decision making?The below are the Key Performance Indicator we as a team of Emirates Airlines believed at the beginning of the simulation which we tried following throughout the quarters but nearly were forced to reframe it referable to companys situation and response. Thus once an organization has analyzed its mission, identified a ll its stakeholders and defined its goals, it needs a way to mea confident(predicate) progress toward those goals. Key performance indicators are those measurements which help to define and measure progress towards organizational goals (Geoff, 2009 419)Flight Operation The important KPI we followed is in terms of flight operation. We believed that achieving 80% of maximum milage per day would definitely yield a profit. As flights croupe be flew only with the maximum passenger and also includes the number of flights used. Hence it can strive all in one KPI. We achieved this until quarter5 reaching 70% in each but it got changed due to purchase of 3 more flights without noesis which made the company to focus on the reduction of expenses and deviated from the miles direct.Promotional and sales forecast Emirates Airline team believed that high investment in promotion, advertisement and sales forecast can claim companys success. In terms of sales forecast, our KPI was in a correct way. But in terms of promotion and advertisement we changed and reduced the level of expense as the company started to incur loss.Financial Perspective we thought revenue is an important factor for an airline company to be successful as there will arise uncertain circumstances due to weather or fuel price, hence had a KPI to increase the revenue through Fares. We started a s mid-range and attracted maximum customers and shifted to luxury charging huge fare as a KPI of increasing the revenue. We are badly affected process 5th quarter because of this factor and hence reduced the pricing.The information we got through the value packs and incident feedback was very helpful in refining our performance and take nonindulgent measures. Not only in terms of finance but also in terms of flight operation and service, the index feedback gave us the measures for improvement. The company was in a tough situation after the shift to luxury airline, where the incident feedback helped us to identi fy what was going wrong. The below are the some changes we effected from the information we got through the value packs, change magnitude the number of flights and number of flight routes.Decreased the ticket fares in order to increase the number of passengers.Concentrated on cabin services to increase the quality service to the passengers and reduce complaints.Taken measures and allotted funds on aircraft maintenance to avoid accidents and escape from fine.Got knowledge that the huge loss of the company is due to the purchase of 3 excess flights resulted from mistake in numbering in the software.Came to know that a flight was unused hence sold the flight to avoid maintenance expenses.We felt the importance of passenger service and allotted more fund towards it.Giving due consideration to theory, evaluate how a amalgamation or learnedness might have changed your outcomes and the way you operated during the simulation? What additional implications would there have been for your comp any?Merger and Acquisition are often used inter-changeable concepts while merger is the combination of deuce companies in order to form a new company and Acquisition is a companys purchase of another company where there is no formation of new company (Scott C. Whitaker, 2012). Merger and acquisition have a common goal of attaining synergy.There are certain factors that should be taken trouble while going in for merger or acquisition as it results in cultural risk, business, employees and customer retention risk. These risks may not be relevant if Emirates would have planned the merger or acquisition in the initial stage that is before 4th quarter but if it is after that the above utter risks should be taken care of. Hence it is evident that the nature of company to which going to be merged or acquired should be taken into account that it should be similar in business and should be stiffer in operation as emirates are operating in a tough situation.There are many advantages for c ompany to go in for a merger or acquisition. We as a emirates airlines can merge or acquire a financially strong airline whereby we become economically strong and can reduce the cost of capital (Donald M. DePamphills, 2009). In emirates during 5th quarter, we had a NIL balance of cash precipitate after the overdraft loan hence during such situation merging with company with good cash flow will be a potential decision. Also there will be a positive impact on the stock price especially for companies like emirates where we had our stock price in proscribe numbers. Not only in financial terms, merger and acquisition also helps in terms of operation synergy. For e.g., if we Emirates team go for a merger during our mid-quarter with a company which is technologically strong we would have had a chance for competitive advantage and fast growth platform (Scott C. Whitaker, ). We would have not made a mistake of unsystematic approach in buying a flight during our 6ht quarter by which we suff ers a heavy loss. There are major operating cost involved in terms of Airlines they are fuel, maintenance, interest expenses, lease amount, promotional activities, market research, taxes and so on. These costs would have been spread between two companies after merging.Merger and acquisition are also helpful to use the assets and skills of the other companies merging or acquiring with. We as Emirates team lacked in terms of allocation of expenses and proper maintenance of aircraft. Hence merging with a managerial strong company would have helped us to move in the right path. It helps in improving the operating efficiency with a combined activity of the merging firms thereby can enjoy the market power. This is called market power theory. With this the company can have a control on the pricing and suppliers and also can have customer base.As a team of Emirates Airlines only in the 1st quarter we were able to make a profit. It may be because of the sudden shift to luxury airlines which made us to suffer from continuous losses till 6th quarter. Our stock price also went on negative price. Hence merger or acquisition during the mid-quarter would be the better decision as it would have reduced the cost and share the total cost. We also had a reduction of pricing on 5th quarter which can be avoided when we had merger with our competitor. We lacked in many operation areas like customer satisfaction, aircraft maintenance and proper allocation of expenses, hence merger and acquisition would have been potential at early stage. rate how successful your company was in your industry. Were your relative success / failure due primarily to your analysis and diagnosis or the choices and decisions you made? Which models and theory did you consider when fighting(a) in the game and how did this help you?Planning, executing and monitoring are the key aspects for a company to be successful. And in industry like Airline where there are ample numbers of risks, it is important that the firm follows a strategic approach. We as a team started to operated Emirates airlines as mid-range where in the first quarter we are able to have a good level of passengers and thereby revenue. We did not have a view on the level of risk in shifting to luxury range all of a sudden in the second quarter and increased the fare at a higher rate. Only during 5th quarter we came to know the importance of price factor and reduced the fare. The team did not understand that shifting to luxury range should be accommodated with high quality service to be competitive. We felt its importance from the incident report at the time when the company is already in loss. To my knowledge the company started off comfortably but faced tough situations and failures and also attained the survival stage where it can reach a decent profit in the next quarters. We had a systematic approach to some extent and made many innovative measures like online reservation system which is a success to us, but the dec ision what we made to buy a flight when we were in deficit lead to failure. Also we are not managerial approach as we wrongly numbered and the software bought additional 3 flights which added to a further loss. We had a clear view in allocating resources for aircraft maintenance, but because of the above mistakes we made during the simulation, we were unable to allot adequate resources for maintenance which lead to engine failure and fine from FAA.At the beginning of the simulation we used resource dependency theory (Aldrich, 1977) where we believed the company can be affected to some degree with its external environment. Hence we took measure to influence the environment. Our external environments are customers, public and the airline industry. We thought investing heavily in promotion and advertisement would definitely create competitive advantage and a brand image among the customer where a hike in the fare will become a hidden factor. Hence during the second quarter we allotted $40000 on advertisement and shifted to luxury airlines with fare of 48cents. But only during the subsequent simulation we felt that there is no relation between the promotion and competitive advantage in a highly completive airline industry and understood the importance of cost and service factors. Hence we reduced the price and concentrated on quality and training. We also started concentrating on cabin services and passenger services with the rise of customer complaints which came to our knowledge through incident feedback.We as a team felt the importance of strategic approach during the simulation. During the end of the quarter we were clear about the strategies to be followed and we were sure that our company will make a good profit if it has another two quarters as we could find the changes in stock price with our corrective measures. The simulation gave us a vast experience about the concept of risk management, strategic approach and resource allocation. We also felt the impor tance of theme dynamics in running a successful business.

Analysis of American Protest Literature

Analysis of Ameri go off Protest LiteratureThe protest literature of early to mid-19th century America shares a common antecedent of moral values. both Henry David Thoreau and William Apess speak of a moral code that humanity is bound to uphold. Although they addressed it in different ways and proposed different solutions, they ask a convertible question is America truly the capital land of principle that it claims to be.The essay The Resistance to Civil Govern workforcet was based on a series of lectures Thoreau gave in 1848 and was published in 1849. In it he discussed the shared responsibilities and duties of citizens and their presidencys. While his thoughts stand al sensation as a philosophical position, it is important to understand the historical context. Texas gained its liberty from Mexico in 1836. The united takes did not immediately incorporate the territory into the Union because of the ongoing political battle over the expansion of slavery, however, on December 2 9, 1845, Texas entered the coupled States as a slave state. Thoreau was an proscribedspoken abolitionist, as make clear in different of his writings, and was adamantly opposed paying taxes which supported a government that upheld unjust and immoral policies. He based his decision not to comply on the picture that on that point is a justness higher than civil law that demands the obedience of the individual.Thoreau opened Civil Disobedience with the maxim That government is best which governs least, (p 843) and he speaks in favor of government that does not intrude upon peoples lives. Government, he believed, was a means of attaining an stamp out that existed only because the people chose it to execute their will. Government, however, was susceptible to misuse, corruption, and injustice. When injustice became extreme, such as by allowing slavery, individuals had both the right and duty to rebel against the State by a variety of means such as refusing to pay taxes.Thoreau did not advocate the dissolution of government. Rather, he called for a better government (p 844), one which was limited to decide those issues that it was fitted to consider. Thoreau underscored the power of the individual to effect reform. Reform, he believed, came only by the individual, and moral issues were the individuals line of work. It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law he said, so oft as for the right. The individuals obligation was to do at any time what he thinks right (p 844). He enjoined his audience to wake up and to refuse to be machines that served the State with their bodies or minds. Good people, he contended, must serve the State with their consciences and resist it when its policies and take onions betrothal with their consciences.Through this duty to resist, Thoreau introduced the concept of civil disobedience, tying to the assume of the nation by means of revolution. Merely expressing opposition to slavery was meaningless. Only playion wh at people did about their objection mattered. Wrongs could be redressed only by the individual, not through the government since the mechanisms of change provided by the State were too slow or were ineffective. He acknowledged that in practical application a single soulfulness might not be able to affect widespread change, however, a soulfulness must at least not be guilty of back up injustice through compliance. Individuals must not support a government whose policies are unjust. Talk is cheap action is immediate. People must act with principle and must break the law if necessary. Such action, however, comes with a price. People must be willing to bear the consequences of their actions. When the man of conscience acted in variance with the state, he might be punished by force. This force could be against his property, his family, or his person. Because of this potential loss, Thoreau believed it was impossible for a person of conscience to live honestly and at the same time com fortably (p 851). However, these penalties cost people of conscience less than the price they would pay in obeying the State. Therefore, it falls to the State to respect the higher and self-sufficing power of the individual since it is only through this that it derives its authority (p 857).The writings of William Apess are also protest literature and, like those of Thoreau, are better unsounded through their historical context. In 1830, the government passed the Indian Removal Act which authorized the removal of Indians from the lands east of the Mississippi to Indian Territory and other areas considered suitable. In essence, this act spelled the end of Indian rights to live in those states under their own tralatitious laws. They were impartn a choice assimilate and concede to US law or leave their homelands. The Act was based on the white-written history of interactions between Native Americans and European settlers a history rife with horrific stories and only the occasional act of kindness.Apess was bi-, or perhaps multi-, racial. Because he was primarily raised by whites, he grew up with stories of the Indians cruelty. As he grew he learned of the competing truth of the whites cruelty to contendd the Indians. He converted to Christianity early in his life and ultimately was ordained as a Methodist minister. His faith was integral to his ability to affirm himself as a Pequot and as a person of color, and in Christianity he found both hope and a philosophical framework from which to challenge racial bigotry.The central theme of An Indians Looking Glass for the White universe was the failure of white people to recognize the irony and hypocrisy of denying Native Americans, who they considered to be heathens, the self-evident rights guaranteed to all men by the Declaration of Independence, and their un-Christian treatment of them. As the title indicates, his words were directed to a white audience. According to Apess, materially well-off whites were not s uperior to the Indians from each a religious or moral perspective because they were unprincipled in their dealings with people of a different fur color. He liberally use the word principle, or some variant thereof, for the purpose of establishing the unprincipled actions of white men in regard to red men. What if, he asked, all the worlds different skins were tack together, and each skin had its national crimes written upon it-which skin do you think would have the greatest? (p 501).Apess outrage at the mistreatment of Indians extended to the mistreatment of blacks. His charge against the white citizens of the United States was not only that they had robbed a nation almost of their whole continent, and murdered their women and children, barely that they had also subjugated another nation to till their ground and welter out their days under the lash (p 501). He used the word black to metaphorically describe the Christian morals and principles that were corrupted by the aversion t o sloped skins. If black or red skins or any other skin of color were disgraceful in Gods eye, he said, it appears that he has disgraced himself a great deal-for he has made fifteen colored people to one white and placed them here upon this earth (p 501). He went even further and implied that Jesus, himself, had been a person of color.Apess implored the American people to think for themselves and act upon the morals that they held dear. As a minister he was able to incorporate quotes from the Bible in support of his position. He used every detail he could to present the moral contradictions in American policy and used the philosophical underpinnings of America to support his argument against them. He concluded with a blistering indictment of bigotry directed at his audience By what you read, you may learn how deep your principles are. I should say they were skin deep (p 504), yet he maintained hope due to the actions of those who spoke out against mistreatment.Thoreaus The Resistan ce to Civil Government and Apess An Indians Looking Glass for the White Man can be seen as protests against a government that had failed to live up to its stated ideals and failed to protect the rights of its people. Both call upon the moral conscience to bring an end to injustice both appeal to the founding principles of the nation both call people to action.Question 7Literature speaks truths about the noncurrent to which history cannot give voice. The writings of Pontiac, William Apess, and James Fenimore Cooper all express the concerns of native Americans, but through different perspectives. Cooper attempts to portray the Native Americans as honorable, albeit stereotypical, savages, Pontiac laments the destruction of traditional Indian culture, and Apess condemns the hypocrisy and bigotry of white society. Within all these writings are both overlapping and unique concerns that give voice to the challenges faced by a culture forced to change.James Fenimore Coopers The Last of th e Mohicans, subtitled A Narrative of 1757, was published in 1826, however it harkens back to an earlier period of American expansion. By the time it was written the prevailing view was that humans were divided into distinct races and that some races were inferior to others. Indians (savages) were fated to vanish before the superior (civilized) white men, and there was no changing fate. Cooper sought to promote a true understanding of ethnological problems in a rapidly changing America. His prose was infused with a belief that shared humanity could be communicated across cultural and linguistic differences and could dispel the idea of the unknowable otherness that promoted fear and justified exploitation. Hawk-eye and Chingachgook were depicted as individuals who displayed, through their friendship, the ideal of human relationships between Native and European Americans. Cooper embraced the concept of the noble savage, but at the same time he also proclaim racial stereotypes. In his description of Chingachgook he noted that, His body, which was nearly naked, presented a terrific emblem of death (p 486).Coopers attitudes toward race were complicated even for his time. He was, subsequently all, a white man and his characters reflected an obsession with systems of classification by which race was distinguished from race, nation from nation, and tribe from tribe. Hawk-eye and Chingachgook are both concerned with racial purity. the lather enemy I have on earth darent deny that I am genuine white, declared Hawk-eye (p 487). They respected each other and could work together, but both rejected the idea of interracial marriage. Hawk-eye frequently displayed his superior knowledge, as when he presented Chingachgook as ignorant because he did not understand about tides. emaciated in this way, their partnership did not affrighten the racial status quo.From an historical perspective, this story was set during the French and Indian War (1754-60), a proxy war which pitted the British Empire, its American colonies, and their Indian allies against the French Empire, its Canadian colonies, and their Indian allies. It was the North American theater of a much broader international conflict known as the Seven Years War. The Treaty of Paris that ended the French and Indian War led to a flood of English settlers pitiful across the Alleghenies into Indian territory. The French had gained the loyalty of their Native American allies by providing them with ammunition and supplies. The Indians viewed the French as tenants on their land who had provided gunpowder, rum, and other goods as a type of rent. The British, on the other hand, believed themselves to be governed by international law and felt no obligation to the regions original inhabitants. Native Americans were not members of the family of nations and had no more rights than the animals they hunted. They were no longer welcome at the forts and intermarriage was discouraged. From the Indian viewpoint, the lack of support and disrespect were a breach of protocol and an insult to the Indian nations and their leaders. American Indian resistance began to grow.Pontiac was an Ottawa Indian chief who had been very successful in protecting his land and his people. During the French and Indian War, Pontiac was an ally of the French. The changes brought by the British victory did not sit well with Chief Pontiac. On April 27, 1763, a council gathering was held near Detroit. Pontiac gave a speech in which he recounted the indignities that the Indians had suffered at the hands of the British. He believed that his people needed return to the customs and weapons of their ancestors, throw away the implements they had acquired from the white man, abstain from whiskey, and take up the tomahawk against the British. He established that in adopting the white mens customs and in using their food, blankets, and weapons, his people had become dependent upon them. He remembered the stories, heard in childh ood, of the might of the Ottawas in the days when they lived match to the old customs and longed for a return to the traditional ways.Pontiac was strongly influenced by the story of Neolin. Neolin was a respected visionary and spiritual leader of the Delaware people. Pontiac also understood the power that story telling had in his culture. Stories were guides that taught them how to act and live their lives. He used the story of Neolins encounter with The Great Spirit in order to dispose the leaders of the neighboring tribes to join him in a rebellion. He reminded them of what the Great Spirit said to Neolin The land on which you live I have made for you, and not for others. Why do you suffer the white man to live among you? (p 223) The Great Spirit then instructed Neolin to Fling all these things away live as your wise forefathers lived before you. And as for these English, these dogs dressed in red who have come to rob you of your hunting grounds, and drive away the game,- you m ust lift the hatchet against them. Wipe them from the face of the earth, and then you will win my favor back again, and once more be happy and prosperous (p 224)William Apess approach was different and can be best characterized as embracing the goal of nation-building. His work documented many past injustices endured by Native Americans and lamented the state of their current life in and around Connecticut and Massachusetts. During this period, the relationship between Native Americans and the dominant white culture was viewed as a struggle between assimilation and cultural tradition. Apess revealed how off this dichotomy was. His was an authentic voice arising from the personal experience of his bi-racial identity. Instead of the either/or of cultural tradition or assimilation, Apess sought to promote affiliation.With the authority grant to an ordained Methodist minister, Apess relied upon religious engagement as a means to bring to light the hypocrisy of thePilgrims who would fi ght to destroy any perceived threat to their land or livelihood, but would not grant this same right to Native Americans. In doing so he also demonstrated the Native Americans cleverness to affiliate themselves with Christian values. God, he said, will show no favor to outward appearances but will judge righteousness (p 499).Apess was the antithesis of the Christian nationalist. Growing up he described how was terrified of his own people because his white caretakers told him stereotypical stories about Indian cruelty but never told him how cruelly they treated Indians. This past that they embraced was sacred to them to him it was a degrading myth. They used their position to build churches, dispatch missionaries, and educate the people they deemed savages to him their authority was morally bankrupt. Apess challenged people to live up to the stated values of their government and their church. If they talked the talk then they also had to walk the walk. To profess a belief in liberty and justice for all or the compare of all Gods children was not enough. People needed to act in accordance with their beliefs. If they failed to do so then they were hypocrites.Native Americans faced a variety of concern in the early to mid-19th century. They faced the loss of their traditional homeland, the dissolution of their cultural heritage, and the very real consequences of institutionalized bigotry. What can be seen in the speech by Pontiac and the writings of James Fenimore Cooper and William Apess is the complexity of the cultural forces at work at that time. The portrayal of the savage or contemptible Indian was as much a creation of the white man as was the civilized, and Christianized Indian, who was created in the white mans image. Native Americans were unique and complex individuals with the same needs and longings as any other people.

Culture Sources Of Conflict Than Of Synergy Cultural Studies Essay

finishing Sources Of Conflict Than Of Synergy Cultural Studies EssayCultures dejection be high context or utter context depending on the ways of communication. Low context destination is the unitary which is more(prenominal) explicit, communication is direct and things ar fully but concisely spelled out. state dont think to the highest degree what other the great unwashed be going to think of them if they be crapd in a particular way. A high context nicety is the one and only(a) in which the communicators assume a great deal of commonality of knowledge and views, so that its less explicit. People act according to the situations in this culture, t present is more emphasis on gestures. One has to read between the lines. Cultures shtup also be monochronic or polychoronic, monochronic is when the managers like to do one thing at a time, they value orderliness and sense of at that place being an appropriate time and place for everything on the other hand polychronic culture encourages multitasking and doing multiple things at a time. Then there is future, present and past oriented cultures. Past oriented societies atomic number 18 more bound by the traditional values and ways of doing things. These cultures guide to be more conservative in management and less adaptive. Present oriented societys focuses on the present, they prefer short terminal figure benefits over the long term goals. Future oriented societies have a great deal of optimism somewhat the future. They focus on long term benefits, expansion and growth.DiscussionCommunication can be greatly c exclusively fored by the difference in cultures and the languages spoken, or unspoken? Well yes, we are talking about the silent language here which can impact internationalistic business. There are antithetic languages which are non-verbal and are not communicated directly but communicate up to ninety portion of the meaning in the high context cultures, like the language of time, space, frien dship, business patterns, etc. There are different unspoken languages just like there are different spoken languages. The unspoken languages are informal yet they can have a great impact.There is language of time which is different for people belonging to different cultures. For example, In the U.S. a delay in answering a communication could be because of the backlog of work, and a large pile of business causing the request to be postponed, but on the other hand, the person awaiting response might think that the matter has low priority on the part of the other person -lack of interest. A similar kind of delay in other foreign country may mean something altogether different. standardized time, language of space has a different meaning everywhere too. Americans measure their importance or position in the organization according to the size of their offices. The prexy or the chairman has the biggest office, and so on down the line. French on the other hand are more likely to layout space as a network and often find a supervisor in the middle of his subordinates. Also body distance is very strategic factor of language of space, in countries like middle east, people get too close ,crowd the physical being whereas in, UK people prefer being a little cold and distant. barely at the same time it is important to know the extent to which people are acceptable about the distance. though Saudi-Arabia is a high touch culture inappropriate use of touch in advertising messages may cause problems. For example, Drakkar noir perfume advert in Europe is a mans hand clutching the perfume nursing bottle and a charwomans hand seizing his bare forearm, whereas in the Saudi-Arabian version a mans arm is clothed in a dark jacket sleeve, and woman is touching the mans hand only with her fingertip. The sensuality is toned down and made less explicit in the Saudi-Arabian version (Hollensen, 2007). So though these countries are high touch cultures, we should also remember that the se cultures are also high-context cultures.Then there is also language of throwments between people in various countries wherein rules are leg entirelyy bound and the executives are expected to have a basic awareness of the rules. These rules can be laws and regulations of a country or maybe a moral practice that is followed in that country as a tradition or the informal customs to which everyone confirms without being able to state the exact rules. (Hall, 1960).Culture influences various attitudes towards food, health, media, consumption, country of origin, lifestyle, values, sex and love related attitudes, etc The factors are very closely related and in turn affect the marketing strategies a friendly club adopts like pricing of a product, advertising and promotions, choosing a target market, product adaptation (Hollensen, 2007). For example, In India, The Hindu trust doesnt permit to eat beef. Therefore McDonalds in India doesnt serve the big Mac, instead the product has been adapted to suit the Indian consumers renamed as the maharaja Mac consisting of lamb (Harding, 2000). These aspects influence the consumer behaviour. In many countries, colour represent various holidays they are also used to express feelings. The language of colour can influence international business, if its not promoted properly. One example of this can be Pepsi, Pepsi cola lost its dominant market share to coke in south-east Asia when Pepsi smorgasbordd the colour of its vending machines and coolers from deep regal blue to unaccented ice blue as light blue is associated with mourning and death in south east Asia. There also a need to be careful with the brand designs, product and package design, colour, brand name and symbols because the attitudes of people towards these symbols or names could be different in different countries. Some customary brand names that communicate positive messages in one country might have a totally different meaning in another which may substantiall y damage the bodied image and marketing effectiveness. When Pepsi was expanding in china a few years ago, the slogan Pepsi brings you back to life was literally translated in Chinese which meant brings your ancestors back from the grave.The above mentioned parts of a culture are the most fundamental ones, yet other parts also have a large impact on the culture. Things such as tradition, customs, humour, and education are all components of a culture that, if studied and understood, allow for reduce effectiveness mis realizeings. It is important for companies to engage in business abroad in order to stay competitive. Even though the decision to start trading with foreign countries may seem rational and unavoidable, for many companies there are obstacles that could and will affect the business Outcome. It is important to have a thorough understanding of all impacts the international Trade will have on the business and its performances and there are several ways to overcome these obs tacles. One way is to educate and inform the workers about the pagan differences and the specific business procedures in the countries. Managers should also try to make use of the local employees that possess valuable knowledge about the market that is adopting a regiocentric go on. Also the managers should be less ethnocentric and more polycentric towards the foreign culture. A deeper economic integration through EU and ASEAN and other such trade agreements will eliminate tariffs among the member countries and harmonize business procedures and regulations. With this free trade liberalization, non-tariff barriers to trade will also be reduced as countries and cultures become more interconnected (Kogut Singh, 1988). For companies doing business overseas it is crucial to not only know your own companys Customs, but in addition compare these with the honouring countrys customs of behaviour. This applies, in particular, to companies which operate in countries where the home culture is that of a complete different nature. In order to understand different peoples behaviours it is imperative to look at the different levels of culture and how these affect the individuals in different scenarios. The different levels are national culture, business culture, organizational Culture and individual behaviour. The countrys national culture is directly impacting the business culture in the country. In turn, the business culture will have an apparent influence over each and every company within that country. All of these levels will lastly affect the individuals behaviour. In countries where religion has a major impact on the business procedures, managers should prepare themselves and their personnel by collecting information about the religion and the typical behaviours and manners that are incorporated. By increasing the knowledge and familiarity with the specific religion, it will become easier to accept and understand why certain procedures are winning place, especiall y when doing business.The culture of a host country is sometimes completely different to culture in the home country. Thus, when striving to recruit the right people companies need to focus on internal training and trying to shape the person in respect to the corporate culture instead of finding the consummate match in an interview process. It is absolutely crucial that the companies start looking beyond the persons abilities at the early stage and instead try to sell the corporate culture as an alternative to changing the personality.Since the national culture and as well the business culture are directly correlated to how the individuals act, it is crucial to understand the individual behaviours in the specific country that the company is operating in. Cultures are embedded in every conflict because conflicts arise in human relationships. Though conflicts cannot be completely eliminated in an organization it can definitely be minimized. Forcing 100% ethnic assimilation of those who fall outside the ethnical norm is one path as well, but it breeds resentment and ultimate conflict. Sometimes the cultural diversity in an organization is seen as having no impact at all and the diversity is ignored also known as the parochial philosophy, but this results in the marginalization of people who fall outside the cultural norm (Mooij, 2003). Therefore, it is important to implement useful strategies that would reduce the conflicts rather than instigating them. Managers must be skilled at resolving and understanding cross cultural conflicts so that if at all conflicts arise managers are able to resolve the conflict without affecting the productivity. Employ people from the host country so that they have adequate knowledge about the culture and the language of the host country, these regional managers can thus provide further training to the employees from home country. When a company relocates to a new order abroad, relocation services offered by organization should g o beyond moving and new community information as employees require orientation to the realities and opportunities of the new cultural environment. When an organization moves to a new place, quickening of the work pace can result in resentment and burnout, therefore involving employees in co-operative efforts to regulate and monitor change in the work environment would be a good idea. There are various cross cultural approaches which can be used by the managers.Cultural dominance, when one organization is in a more powerful position than the other, the more powerful one dominates, insisting on doing things as they are done in the home culture. Cultural accommodation approach, this is opposite of cultural dominance, this is when managers tend to imitate the culture of the host country, attempting to blend in. Cultural compromise approach, this approach is a combination of the two approaches mentioned above, with both the sides conceding something to work together more successfully. Th is approach can be used by the managers to minimise cultural conflicts and function efficiently. Cultural avoidance, this approach emphasizes on working(a) and managing as if no cultural conflict exists, most often used by managers when the unresolved cut is less important than the final outcome of the situation or the negotiation. Cultural synergy approach, this approach develops new solutions that respect all cultures involved and often increases the chances for working effectively in a transcultural environment. For example, if a French firm insists that negotiations with a German to be done in French it is an example of cultural dominance approach, if Germans agree immediately then it is an example of cultural accommodation. If both parties decide to get an interpreter, it is an example of cultural compromise. However, if both German and French agree to negotiate in a third language, it is the cultural synergy approach. This third language can be a language known to both the p arties so that none of the parties have a language advantage over the otherBut we can end the topic saying, what comprises of conflict in one culture is daily difference of opinion in another. A serious insult in one setting -crossing ones leg -is a matter of comfort in another. An arrogant challenge in one culture -putting ones hands on hips -is a sign of openness in another. Human boundaries are cultural creations social boundaries, legal boundaries and emotional boundaries are all drawn according to each cultures value (Mooij, 2003). So culture can act as a throttle valve in bringing people together if used appropriately and to the organizations benefit, but if disrespected and ignored can also create major conflicts eventually leading to disappointment of the business.

Free Awakening Essays: An Analysis of The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

An Analysis of The Awakening The first thing I would like to do is go through and pick out the chapters I found to be significant in the novel. Chapter 1 *there is symbolism of a well trained caged bird, (like we read in the hypertext) which represents what wives were to be in Ednas lifetime *well trained *speaks of pleasantries *begins with Summer a time of beauty, fullness and fruition *Grand Isle *vacation from New Orleans life (imprisonment) *ends at Summer after 1 yr *this vacation follows Edna back to New Orleans where she gradually begins to see how trapped she really is *it is after this vacation that Edna begins to on the alert Chapter 2 *Edna was from Kentucky and get hitched with a Creole *this is a conflict in religion *she is Presbetyrian and hes Catholic *this presents a problem for Edna for she has to live a Catholic life style Chapter 3 *we first see here the marital problems that M&M Pontellier have *the ideals of what Mr. Pontellier expects of Edna *looking aft er the children was in truth of import *marital state bored, unlively, becomes more depressing on her *impt Ednas breakdown, her crying Chapter 4 *Adele, the perfect woman *embodies all the qualities of what a woman-mother should be *shes been married 7 yrs and has a child about every 2 yrs, again fullfilling her womanly and motherly duties. *her identity seems to be consumed by having children and her current state Chapter 7 *this chapter we see Edna begin to slip away, she doesnt pay as much attention to things *daydreaming/ Adele asks her a question and Edna is not with her Chapter 10 *Edna learns to SWIM very impt. *she gains control of her body *the sea becomes her friend, close, intimate, sensuous Chapter 11 *this section we see a bit of Ednas rebellious nature *her husband commands her and Edna says NO Chapter 17 *we see yet another confrontation between M&M Pontellier, more marital problems *I think we also begin to see ore plague and violence under the surface of her husb and *we also see another problem, Tuesday was to be the calling day and Edna wasnt prepared for the callers, she realizes that she no longer cares to do the things that her husband wants her to Chapter 24 *Ednas father comes for a visit *he also portrays that the females should submit to the males *males are dominant?

Slavery and the Caribbean :: Slavery Essays

Slavery and the CaribbeanEuropeans came into contact with the Caribbean afterward Columbuss momentous journeys in 1492, 1496 and 1498. The intrust for expansion and trade led to the settlement of the colonies. The indigenous peoples, according to our sources mostly peaceful Tainos and warlike Caribs, proved to be unsuitable for hard worker labour in the newly formed orchards, and they were quickly and brutally decimated. The descendants of this once thriving community can now only be found in Guiana and Trinidad.The buckle down trade which had already begun on the West Coast of Africa provided the needed labour, and a period from 1496 (Columbuss second voyage) to 1838 saw Africans flogged and tortured in an effort to assimilate them into the plantation economy. Slave labour supplied the most coveted and important items in Atlantic and European commerce the sugar, coffee, cotton and cacao of the Caribbean the tobacco, rice and indigo of North the States the gold and sugar of Port uguese and Spanish South America. These commodities comprised about a third of the value of European commerce, a figure inflated by regulations that stimulate colonial products to be brought to the metropolis prior to their re-export to other destinations. Atlantic navigation and European settlement of the New World made the Americas Europes most convenient and matter-of-fact source of tropical and sub-tropical produce. The rate of growth of Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century had outstripped all other branches of European commerce and created fabulous fortunes.An depend of the slave population in the British Caribbean in Robin Blackburns study, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery 1776-1848, puts the slave numbers at 428,000 out of a population of 500,000, so the number of slaves vastly exceeded the number of white owners and overseers. Absentee plantation owners added to the unrest. Rebellion was common, with the forms including self mutilation, suicide and infanticide as we ll as escape and maroonage (whereby the slaves escaped into the hills and forested interiors of the islands and set up potentially threatening communities of their own. See references in Wide Sargasso Sea). Jamaica holds the record for slave revolts, with serious uprisings in 1655, 1673, 1760 and continued disquiet after that. The documentation of revolts in Trinidad is less complete, but we know of at least one serious plot in 1805. Guiana was actually governed by a slave named Cuffy for a year after the revolt in 1763, and Barbados also had numerous plots, including six between 1649 and 1701.

Privacy Rights and Social Media Essay -- Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,

A persons right to privacy is being challenged with the lavishly use of social media such as Facebook and Twitter. What used to be considered part of your personal life is not so personal anymore. When one chooses to share elaborate about ones-self to their friends via a social media, they are not always thinking about the other people. The other people could be ones current boss or future employer. Other people could be a school official, your baseball coach, your friends mother you name it the list goes on and on. Recently, a few employers or view employers have requested Facebook and other social network log-in information. It is probably a violation of equal employment laws, and there are two senators examine the practice of requiring job applicants and employees to provide their social network log-in information as a condition of employment. Most of us feel that what we do right(prenominal) of work or school is our personal life and should have no bearing on our professiona l/business life. Being on a sports police squad during high school, we were told on many occasions to not bring outside problems or issues to practice with us. In a sense, now looking back, the coach was respecting our privacy. She did not want to know that ones cell phone bill is over two hundred dollars and their mother is going to be very ireful when she sees it, or that one had an argument with their boyfriend twenty minutes before leaving for practice. She was allowing us to keep our personal life separate from our sports life. Ms. Galutz, color watch over instructor, would refer to this practice as checking your baggage at the door, It does not mean they were not looking at what you were doing outside of our practice times, it just meant to not permit it aff... ... a future employer would perceive what they see. Protect your own right to privacy and limit what you allow to be public information. Reducing your friends list may divine service protect you, too. If you know a certain group of friends that are the weekend party people, then maybe they need to be just your friends and not your Facebook friends.Hopefully, in the near future, there will be some legislation passed to protect our privacy rights but even then remember you are the best demurrer against any personal information that may cause damage to yourself. Works CitedNews, WKTV. WKTV News Channel. 14 February 2012. .Press, Associated. US. News. 26 July 2006. .