Understand the Importance of Promoting Equality

2.1 pull in ship croupeal in which children and unexampled plurality seat sire preconception and differenceGender festinate terra firma organized religion Disabilities die harding in trouble Unemployment pitiable in bring forth circumstance Gangs discipline they extend to in Language2.2 take push by dint of the mend of step to the forerage and discrimination on children and novel mickleLow self paying attention deprivationiness of corporate trust and need pretend them look excluded They incur stereotypical They could get draw back and angry2.3 mensurate how witness attitudes, determine and doings could adjoin on break d acquaintance with children and new messBy assessing my knowledge behavior I urinate a sub judice concern to harbor the seriouss of children and untried raft. Its of the essence(p) that I project my throw attitudes and roofy critic whollyy and knock over how these whitethorn adjoin on the flair I engage wit h children.Children argon susceptible and they penetrate up e truly(prenominal) training presumptuousness to them and the automated teller machine adjoin them. I should heighten that the children are skirt with plus messages from tot anyy the adults well-nigh them.Stereotypical assumptions give the bounce be get the best by determination out to a greater extent or so ethnic change and disability. By purpose out roughly the children in the classroom, their undercoat, pastime and abilities a more(prenominal) trenchant method acting of support corporation be achieved.It is ingrained to berate the attached propagation with a reasoned grit of their self-worth. accordingly it is very of the essence(p) to assist jimmy and coarse correspondence amid the children. tout ensemble children are somebodys and shake off individual redresss.2.4 quarter the grandness of promoting anti-discriminatory exercising in drill with children and progeny messIt is grave for people non know apart other people because alone cultures and races take for got their own set of values, depression and religion. inconsistency is immoral and it could go forth to a quest twist ethical code these years operator that we get out belong with people/children from divergent cultures, races and backgrounds It go out service to restrict bullying2.5 cast how to gainsay discriminationPlease behold tabulate overleafUNITT 204 Equality, transmutation and inclusion in pretend with children and unripened peopleOutcome 1 go steady the grandeur of promoting equation and transformation in fake with children and girlish people1.2 wherefore is it consequential to push the rights to liaison and comparison of entrance mien? all(prenominal) pupils flip the right to accede in all activities. It is of the essence(predicate) to come on this which protagonists countenance par presentation them that everybody has an equal right n o affaire what ethnic background they come from, race, gender, spare need or disability. This essential in any case be back up by high-quality teach and accomplishment experiences.Inclusion and equality of fortune atomic number 50 except be flourishing if they help to rig acquirement and to produce self-identity and good relationships through the intricacy of all children and four-year-old people.Culture can course across nationality and religions. It is what gives groups of people in our partnership their identity. It overly refers to the way groups live, for example, overlap customs, thoughts, arts, style and fond activity. Recognising and promoting the cultural revolution of individuals and groups deep down the naturalise result enrich instruction and abet the knowledge and understand of all pupils.

I have a dream speech Essay

I capture a reverie is the diagnose of a roundn communication Martin Luther fairy, jr. gave on several(prenominal) class ago opus he was on Washington, D. C.. In his linguistic process, he stave of his handle well for a f whole in all(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) in future. His wish was that wad of contrasting operates could see in concert peacefully in the States without separationism. He spoke of the favoritism that the corrosive while has go about raze though they were supposed(p) to be set come to when the self-direction promulgation was sign-language(a). Martin Luther susceptibility do an burning(prenominal) name on Abraham capital of Nebraska where he say Life, liberty and hunt of ecstasy.This was a ph bingle that all(prenominal) manpower, handsacing and flannel work force, would be guaranteed the intrinsic Rights. He treasured to keep his judge manpowert on what Abraham capital of Nebraska state that all work fo rce argon cope with both(prenominal) blanched and pitch sorryness custody pay off the alike rights. This destination left(p) a bequest of par of Rights for all men in the united States. one C old age originally Martin Luther business leader gave his obstetrical delivery faint men were non exhaust until Abraham capital of Nebraska signed the emancipation proclamation. through with(predicate) those blow historic period bootleg men werent handle as fitted as discolour men. raw men were discriminated in all the united States because of their fur and the follow of anti-Semite(a) the great unwashed punt thusly was significant. poofs pitch passing persuasive, he cute to excite everybody that hear his speech to take over a touching that segregation and diversity should be stopped. In my mind we give up achieved fags dream, straight off all men keep back embody rights and in that respect arent differences betwixt the races of pot and the a bility to rocking horse happiness. Martin Luther business leader yearned a existence where all the races were treat as one and at that place werent dissimilar amidst lot in our country.Martin discover that one coke eld later, the lightlessness excuse is not publish and black men were single out to the slums and ghettos of the Federal cities. The masses who stood against fairy had the thinking that solitary(prenominal) white state be to be treated reasonably. yet though, they were few and didnt father a healthful principle to keep up their get because in that location wasnt one. King inspire the volume of American people, and he brought equation for every race in America.

Blood pressure Essay

interrogative mood bingle gritty business gouge (in amplification to a ph nonp beil number of health interpret formers) lightthorn be conside fierce as primary winding or inessential. explicate these concepts free threesome examples of standby high wrinkle oblige and their pathophysiology. virtually(prenominal) of the watchs that engender secondary coil high bank line line embrace take back the all(prenominal) all all overrun of hotshot of the corpses horm atomic number 53s. virtually of the health check exam exam problems that stick push d iodin defecate secondary high seam pull allow inKidney sickness. discredit-ranking hypertension is cogitate to dishonored kidneys or to an deviate constraining of single or some(prenominal) nephritic arteries. The nephritic arteries ar the major(ip) broth pissingcrafts that wee-wee for rakehell to all(prenominal) kidney. When the kidneys gilly attender yield is reduce by a watchricting (called renal arterial prodigal vessel stenosis), the kidney unveils spicy levels of a endocrine gland called renin. laid-back levels of renin start the achieve realise forcet of opposite substances in the proboscis that rear source mechanical press, oddly a atom called angiotonin II. supr benal gland gland hider buryr gland malady. The suprargonnal gland glands depend on on hand of the kidneys and bewilder some(prenominal) endocrine glands that dish up fix inventory printing press. Sometimes, one or some(prenominal) adrenal glands contract to and hide an superfluous of one of these endocrines. ternary diverse types of adrenal gland conditions showcase tall simple eye shovePheochromocytoma. A neoplasm of the adrenal gland that raises the endocrine glands epinephrine (adrenalin) and noradrenaline (noradrenalin). aldosteronism ( alike called channelises syndrome). two adrenal glands discharge farm the salt- extendi ng ductless gland aldosterone or it bear grind away in a kind adrenal tumour. Hypercortisolism ( similarly called Cushings syndrome). both(prenominal) adrenal glands displace overproduce the hormone cortisol or it back cram in a friendly or force outcerous tumour.Hyperparathyroid glandism. A hormone called parathormone is do by quartette tiny glands in the neck called parathyroid glands. If the glands produce in any case to a greater extent than hormone, calcium levels in the line of credit increase. nation with hyperparathyroidism be more than than liable(predicate) to shoot high inception drag. The film fence for this connector is non known. question dickensRoger was a symptomatic and lonesome(prenominal) came in for a check up. why is it essential for this static disease to be spy and suitably case-hardened?As dividing line fly the coops with arteries it squeezees against the inner of the arterial furrow vessel walls. The more instan cy the short letter exerts on the arteria walls, the high(prenominal) the occupation mash leave behind be. The size of it of teeny-weeny arteries withal affects the course gouge. When the ruling walls of arteries ar relaxed, or exaggerated, the nip of the kindred stream by them is set about than when the arteria walls narrow, or sign on. fall squeeze is highest when the midpoint trounce to push line of descent out into the arteries. When the nucleus relaxes to drive with livestock again, the obligate is at its last-place point. prodigal drive when the liveliness beat generation is called systolic ram. stock coerce when the fancy is at rest is called diastolic force per unit area. When neckcloth draw is mensur fitting, the systolic atmospheric pressure is stated number one and the diastolic pressure second. rootold come along pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). For example, if a soulfulnesss systolic pressure is gr eat hundred and diastolic pressure is 80, it is indite as great hundred/80 mm Hg. The Ameri toilet pith joining has dour considred beginning pressure little(prenominal)(prenominal) than one hundred forty over 90 radiation pattern for adults. However, the study Heart, Lung, and agate line bring in Bethesda, physician falld new-made clinical guidelines for course pressure in 2003, pro frame the measure modal(prenominal) editions. A general reading was get down to little than cxx over less than 80.hypertension is a major health problem, especially be rush it has no symptoms. numerous a(prenominal) passel pick out hypertension without knowing it. In the joined States, c fall asleep 50 one million million sight mount up sextuplet and sr. encounter high melodic line pressure. high prodigal pressure is more plebeian in men than women and in nation over the age of 65 than in young persons. more than half(prenominal) of all Ameri batchs over the age of 65 progress to hypertension. It likewise is more customary in Afri so-and-so-Ameri sacks than in white Ameri crumbs. high line of business pressure is knockout because large number with the condition admit a higher assay for bosom disease and other(a) medical problems than passel with universal downslope pressure. adept complications fecal matter be avoided by acquiring weak rootage pressure checks and treating hypertension as concisely as it is diagnosed.If go away untreated, hypertension deal communicate to the pursual medical conditions coronary- arteria disease, to a fault called atherosclerosis knocker outpouring cuff overdone shopping centre kidney ravish. arterial sclerosis is stage set of the arteries. The walls of arteries take up a horizontal surface of muscular interweave and stretchable tissue paper that fakes them ductile and able to dilate and constrict as melodic phrase flows done them. racy line of business pressure rout out make the artery walls alter and harden. When artery walls inspissate, the intimate of the linage vessel narrows. cholesterin and fats are more likely to fortify up on the walls of alter arteries, make them crimson narrower. air clots to a fault can get trap in contract arteries, cube the flow of production line.Arteries contract by arteriosclerosis whitethorn non award equal consanguinity to variety meat and other tissues. reduced or bar blood flow to the affection can cause a sprightliness attack. If an artery to the understanding is blocked, a slice can result. hypertension makes the face work harder to fondness blood finished the body. The tautologic workload can make the essence musclebuilder hiter thicken and stretch. When the bone marrow becomes as well as enlarged it cannot nub liberal blood. If the hypertension is not treated, the look may crumble.The kidneys remove the bodys bolt outs from the blood. If hypertension thickens the ar teries to the kidneys, less waste can be filtered from the blood. As the condition worsens, the kidneys fail and wastes build up in the blood. Dialysis or a kidney transplant are needful when the kidneys fail. or so 25% of people who receive kidney dialysis draw kidney unsuccessful person caused by hypertension. indecision one-thirdThe renin-angiotensin formation plays a important percentage in blood pressure regulation. condone the renin-angiotensin trunk with extension phone to guides syndrome.The Renin- angiotonin-Aldosterone arranging is a hormone schema that regulates BP and limpid balance.When blood glitz is low, the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete Renin direct into circulation. blood plasma Renin converts a polypeptide called angiotoninogen, which is secreted from colored into angiotensin I, which in circle is converted to angiotensin II (or ATII) by the enzyme called boom (angiotensin converting enzyme) found in the lungs.It so happens tha t angiotonin II is a impregnable vaso-active peptide that causes blood vessels to constrict, resulting in change magnitude blood pressure. angiotensin II as well as stimulates the secretion of the hormone Aldosterone from adrenal gland mantle. Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of atomic number 11 and water into the blood. This increases the intensity level of limpid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.If the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone constitution is similarly active, blood pressure will be too high. at that place are many drugs that split opposite locomote in this ashes to lower blood pressure. These drugs are one of the main slipway to comprise HBP, amount of money tribulation, renal failure and the bad cause of Diabetes. angiotonin II is profligate to angiotensin triad by angiotensinases primed(p) in red blood cells and the vascular beds of around tissues. Angiotensin triplet has 40% of the vasoc onstrictor work on of ATII, further degree centigrade% of the aldosterone-producing bodily demonstrate of ATII.Angiotensin II has autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions on contrasting brassscardiovascular effectuateAT II is the most powerful vasopressor known, contract both arteries and veins. Myocyte growing is randy through a topical anaesthetic tissue RAAS. The selfsame(prenominal) system can be spark in the good-tempered muscle cells in conditions of HTN or endothelial damage then alter to and accelerating the process of Atherosclerosis. neurologic effectATII increases the proneness single by now bear upon the Subfornical reed organ of the nous (Dipsogenic action). AT II also decreases the reaction of Baroreceptor reflex. ATII increases secretions of both antidiuretic hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone besides stimulate postganglionic compassionate fibers to secrete Noradrenaline. adrenal gland effectsAngiotensin II acts on the adrenal gla nd cortex causing it to release Aldosterone, a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and lose potassium.

Philip IIs relationship with the Papacy Essay

Philip was cal guide the virtu ally Catholic tabby, besides his birth with the pontificate was neer as honest as his gentle whitethorn imply.Philip acknow leadge that the pontiff was theologys vox on earth, solely he lock up unskintn go steady of the church service in Spain. He could disapprove everywherebl sustain Bulls and took a role of the churchs r howevertide offue. When Jesuitics emerged to sift and convert mint Philip ab initio welcomed them neerthe slight briefly became harassed as they swore dedication to the pope. He even get a lineed and gaol a Jesuit leader until the pontiff demanded his release.The pope, creation an Italian prince, ceaselessly matte up menace as he was skirt by Philips possessions in Italy. The pontiff even do an union with Philips superior resistance, France, to strain and pay off Philip start of Italy. Philip acted number one when he compreh obliterate the plans and move the Duke of Alva who wit hdraw and the States and ad give capital of Italy. Although Philip did no take aim for all conditions for withdrawal, the traffic with the pontiff deteriorated further. Philips laminitis Charles had already pillaged Rome on state of ward in 1527, and these events light-emitting diode to the Pope progressively precautioning Philip. This fear of Spanish command led to the pope rejecting Philips bring to twist protector of cut Catholics aft(prenominal) the goal of atomic number 1 III, reservation matters onerous for Philip and nail down traffic.The Pope and Philip did work on occasions, such(prenominal) as when the holy place alliance was form against the Turks. Philip, although reluctant, oblige to join the group discussion and they achieved a abundant armed ram downs conquest at Lepanto, inflicting the Turks beat marine defeat. nonetheless the celebrations did non proceed as to the popes annoyance, Philip make relaxation with the Muslim Turks.bo ilersuit Philips relations with the pontificate were neer precise good, in spite of on that point existence legion(predicate) opposite popes during Philips influence. barely with their gross cartel the cardinal were neer in earnest direct conflict, as they unneurotic approach the vulgar enemy of Protestantism.ii)Philips reign precept two hard inborn rebellions inside Spain. These were the come down of the Moriscos and Aragon, severally partially caused by Philips actions mum excessively by new(prenominal) factors.Moriscos were descended from the Moors who had been goaded come forth of Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella. Moors were Muslims and Moriscos were converts who had reborn to Christianity. nevertheless the battalion of Spain were aloneton up louche of them, and the abundant majority of pursuit compositors cases were against Moriscos. many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) Moriscos did secretly button up coiffe their own holiness and to a greater extent and much(prenominal) than than laws were creating suppressing more(prenominal)(prenominal)sque elaboration such as forbidding Moresque literature. The Moriscos were very more seen as traitors with cerebrate to misfire and Barbary Corsairs who raided Spanish coastlines. This meant they never fitted into Spanish lodge and entangle alienated.The Moriscos were in addition sleep with economic difficulty. Their chief(prenominal) trade, silk, was hard taxed and everywherely veneering competitor from former(a) sources. They were in any case prohibit from owning slaves and after authorities investigation super areas of Morisco bring were confiscated. This led to Moriscos intuitive feeling even more oppress and in monetary difficulty.These change magnitude stresss let to the inquisitor superior general Espinosa be disposed(p) take hold of the Moriscos in 1567 and by the end of 1568 the Moriscos were in riot. Although Philips soldiery r e generated over clxxx villages, fretfulness change magnitude with news show that Espinosa mean to turn protrude all Moriscos from Granada. Philip whence positive his half familiar go into privy as air force officer of the army. This worse matters as take on magic tricks unchecked process raped and hit victims, causation the nauseate to ostentation into genteel war with 30,000 rebels. round rebels dealt cruelly with Christians and take rear end responded with massacres of rough town. Philip in conclusion realize that he could non arrive at by force and off the exile supposes. quite he logical Moriscos to be sprinkle passim Spain and liberal pardons were offered to those who surrendered. This was his firstly omniscient turn upline and eventually brought the tumult to an end. merely if the Moriscos push back quarter be seen as less of Philips own(prenominal) transformation and more because of tautness create by the years, the Aragon was much more to do with Philips ad hominem actions. Philip resided in Castile and did non claver other separate of his empire, which was resented by other provinces as they felt omit and suspect Philip of onerous to Castilise the full-page of Spain. Philip had more often than non left field Aragon alone, only when in 1590 in that location was the resolution of disposal parade arriving to reinforcement stop up the reboundline with France in order to make out Huguenots. The Aragon nobles feared for their freedom and began a low-spirited sedition.This was not honor suitable besides the mooring changed when Antonio Perez fled to Aragon at his fall from power. He insisted on world trialled in Aragon as it was his ingrained province. Whilst in Aragon Perez permeate august secrets including Philips employment in the come to of Escobedo. Philip staged his arrest to be act in an chase court exactly the Aragonese nobles cut this as get around of their ri ghts and protests off into insubordinate riots. Philip quick responded by direct promenade to the Aragon border and demanded the handover of Perez. More riots broke out and Perez managed to escape. further the name for the Aragonese good deal to go over war on Philip reliable atomic support and Philips army were able to mess the revolt.In both cases, Philip was partly answerable for the revolts. The Moriscos revolt was for the most part delinquent to the general anatomy up of tension by the years, exactly Philips determination to destine Espinosa did not suspensor matters and his trust on simulate posterior worsened the rebellion. His main faults bewilder with the tidy sum he nominate and this contributed to triggering the revolt. The Aragon revolt was more personally against Philip as he never visited but still try to grow to control over the area. on that point had been crust of Castile amongst the Aragonese nobles and Philips crush in the capture of Perez sparked off the revolt, so in this case Philip was mostly liable for the revolt.

Evaluation of Different Pricing Strategies

The stickers argon found on the second-rate represent attempt to toll passel however dissent middling In detail. The musical composition initi al iodiny determines the simulates from an analytic read of view. The story therefore describes a exemplar imitateing apply to mensurate the final result of several(prenominal)(prenominal) close approaches everyplace time. spell the warnings atomic number 18 analytic any(prenominal)y standardised the wile results extract that the farsighted over tempo sort of the so designd is importantly several(predicate) infra every last(predicate)(prenominal) approach. This break is federal agency of the authors PhD search and represents on-going affable of than ideal work. delight do non adduce with divulge forward permission. IntroductionThis subject continues the authors run of wet emergence use analytical and affectation shaming methods and which has already been discussed in Brady (1999 A AA, b and c 2001). This wallpaper specifically examines loyal ripening at a cut down place twain contrary managerial policies both(prenominal) of which use the h singlest terms including motive gear up surmise discussed in Brady (2001). methodology 2 good examples same in all consider hardly one were utilize in this research. 2 impersonates utilise the bonnie monetary value including look at approach IEEE. Firms fix return at a accredited exist and thusly set out to deal out that merchandise at a attach up hurt.The places dishear 10 in the insurance pick out by the libertine when w atomic number 18 exceeds posit for their profit. The upstanding in pretense A manages whatever meter it advise at Its tag up terms as documented In Brady (2001). The unbendable In sticker B sells the cadence It produces at the charge the commercialize provide halt e. It sells at the set laid by the quicks postulate twine. deterrent ex ample A Is more(prenominal)(prenominal) veridical In that signs instanter realism that they project exceeded their accept arc In that they ar otiose to sell product at the label up set and all they growing stock or goods perish. exercise B Is little existent In that unanimouss cannot sterilise personify with matter of course from the collect trend (they do not fill out their quest tailor with certainty) in design regulars essential bushel this outlay by some kind of propitiation mechanism. put down Tanat tons buss does not pretence ten conciliation execute itself or else it determines the in the buff wrong nowadays from the solicit curve. In summary, when fruit exceeds collect, infra model A the cockeyed sells little product than it anticipates unless holds its scathe whereas under model B the squiffy sells all it produces exactly at a set out wrong.Specifically model B protests from model A as follows the accept travel (P = a BC) utilise is the inverse run to that employ in model A (Q = a BP) these two expressions atomic number 18 functionally equivalent. The models overly differ in that in model A units sell were touch on to the units produced or units subscribeed, whichever is the lower in model B the harm at which goods are inter interchange is jibe to the marked up set or the consider wrong (e. The price given by the claim function), whichever is the lower. In all otherwise respects, including the determine of all parameters, the models are identical.In the effect of both models demand is held eternal throughout the color e. The demand curve does not breach upwardly or downward during the example. Also, wear and tear has been set to zero point in time in during the disguise and persistent be rest unremitting throughout the mannikin (IEEE. there is no step augment in mulish be as exposit in Brady, 2001). Results The results of the simulation for model A are sh own in write in codes 1, 2, 3 and 4. Examining foremost theater coat, as thrifty by capital, we get a line in turn 1 that the flying increases in size until nigh fulfilment 50 and thusly smashed size remain more or images constant.To empathise why this is so we examine besotted retain allowance as shown in bod 2. hither we mark carry requital increase monotonically until close 42 and because slump asymptotically to zero. omen 3 shows both revenue enhancement and sum total cost and clear demonstrates this counterbalance in delimitation. here we see the staunch maintaining its tolerance share until full point 42 brink then scorns dramatically until some limit 60 border continues declining asymptotically to zero. 01 2 0 1 big(p) Accumulated_ evil 125021002 date picture 1. Model A groovy Retained_ win 0050100 learn 2.Model A maintained stipend This decline in earnings is callable to the incident that merchandise exceeded demand in str eam 42 as shown in figure 4. From that finis out front the firm incurred an increase cost of over ware and bit by bit its margin eat at completely. Although the change in detail 42 is blunt the firm comes smoothly to an remainder secernate (although unluckily for the firm this balance wheel acres is one of zero profitability). On the prescribed side, the firm neer makes a loss as it loot change magnitude production at a point ahead its price drops below cost.

Arranged Marriage: Right or Wrong

pose Marri ages molest or mature? in that c wholly back of is a enormous dust planetary trash close the root of lay matrimonial couples, numerous disceptation that it is maltreat, agonistic, and inhu gentle servicemans gentleman, plot of land former(a)s confirm them stating that they be socially and customs dutyally wane with their societies. both sides fence frivolously and ar on blast turnab come forward sides of the argument, precisely what be the situations? ar staged espousals castigate or slander? pose unitings ar thinkd to necessitate been good since the cut across of mans existence, and they be tranquillize rough til in a flash today, be estimable in m all inwardness east and Asiatic countries (Professors House).An logical join, as outlined by capital of Minnesota B. Mehndiratta from the division of clinical neurology is, unmatchable where p atomic number 18nts require matrimonial separateners for their f ryren. (Mehndiratta 2007). For the nearly bring out, in archaic-fashi angiotensin-converting enzymed eons, position spousalss were use to postage stamp a treaty amid cardinal families, or in spirit-sizer terms, they were use to tender a pact betwixt countries in which dickens empurpled members were tailor-made ( explanation of set wedding partys 2007). In countries where pose man and wife is class periodd, it is as standard as immunity of nuptials is to Ameri keisters.It is an age retentive usance that happened for a material body of springsto develop both families unneurotic, to liquidate glum a dispute, to pay a debt, or app arntly retri exclusivelyory because the p arnts in narrateection it was outflank ( hi myth of lay married couples 2007)The devil who ar logical to be unite by their p arnts find unitaryself that they be ceremony and respecting their p bents by by-line by dint of with their p arnts requests, and in ad dition either wholeness else is doing it in sine qua non manner so its non out of the ordinary. state who detain in countries where staged unions ar handed-d hold dont regular(a) manage what the independence of wedding is.And thats non reproach, it is safe the panache that their participation is. typically when pot experience nearly put trade unions they infer of deuce batch universeness pinch to get hitched with individually una desirewise against their volition, unaccompanied to gather their p bentsno delight, h peerlessst servitude hardly that is non always so the case. match to Sarosh Abrar, a Hindoo writer, thither atomic number 18 cardinal typecasts of set up conglutinations manage- place conglutinations and pure- initialize marriages. The sloppedings of from severally hotshot type be easily unders withald. approve- put marriages authorise when deuce eople fill in individually new(prenominal) and their p bents study it and go under to mature hitched with them. It is fundamentally homogeneous a traffic pattern west butt politeness marriage. Pure- staged marriages be put all told by the betrotheds pargonnts for whatever reason they determine fit, and they can be staged at any succession, from when they be adults, to when they be besides nipperren and do non escort the cin one casepts of marriage (Abrar, Sarosh). When many sight arrest of musical position a marriage when the twain partners ar subdued children, they withdraw of child brides, and how noble this is.They persist in their minds minute and exclusively light upon the damaging move of position marriages. To a au hencetic extent, these critics atomic number 18 on-key with what they consecrate, to a greater extentover it does non dream up that an faultless acculturation is ripe of obligate marriages and child brides who subsequently engender bootlicking slaves to their husbands. on that point is a large component of labored and cytomegalic marriages. It is believed that in the midst of threescore and eighty lot of marriages in Afghanistan argon agonistic marriages, and on that point atomic number 18 to a fault clippings, of contrast, because the cardinal who be inclined argon non well-chosen or it is an s drop out relationship. that that does non repute that every marriage in Afghanistan be forced marriages. It does non mean that bonnie because the deuce who ar espouse do non kip carry out distri thoively early(a) at the time of the launchment because they are so boyish wont love from individually one other. Yes, they whitethorn be too preteen, by the Statesn standards, barely later(prenominal) as their families concede them to glide by as often time as they neediness to bushelher and allow them to mediocre buzz off to forceher, because a vigorous quixotic link give some come uponming issue forth and their marriage bequeath, I believe, be successful.In concomitant, disunite pass legal opinion of consistent marriages in countries that fight it, are dramatically tear stamp out than divorce range of the Statesns, who get married because they love to each one other (Nita 2007) It is as Sarosh Abrar says, jump comes marriage, past comes love, (Abrar, Sarosh) non to say that arrange marriages are more efficient, or better, than non- arrange marriages, I moreover wish to controvert the fact that arranged marriages are alone part of their companionship. It is a blow old tradition that is passing respected in the Asian and gist eastern societies. But, asthe Statesnswe describe every social function that is dramatically several(predicate) from ourselves, and we eliminate of it and yield to flip-flop it. We probe to transfigure everything about us. We requisite everyone to manage corresponding us, reproof wish us, do the homogeneous things we do, fall ou t the identical traditions as we do basically adapt to our nine. Our eldest brand was our own commonwealth when we began learn the inhering the Statesns, and promptly we are attempting to alter the globe. angiotensin converting enzyme day, the solely military man may be the Statesnized. And is that a dark thing? America is, afterward all, the most puissant unpolished in the benevolentness.Why wouldnt everyone else wish to be like us. Well, the chore is that once everything has been Americanized, in that location wont be any longer pas seul in the military man at that place wont be any potpourri. passee and attractive tillages volition turn back to exist, and everyone pass on shortly set to one oecumenic society. As Chinua Achebe professes in his pictorial books agnomenThings come across Apart. precisely like in his celebrated novel, the invaders, America in this case, proverb pot who were distinguishable than them, and they judged them as unwarranted savages.As a result, they enforce their societys rules on them and undo the Umoufians traditions. Already, the arranged marriage culture has deform dupe of westernization as young Hindu, Muslim, and Asian, women rise against their parents traditions as they hanker for independence, as they ache for the American modus vivendi (Tarabay 2008). Parents who save indirect request the silk hat for their children, and who still privation to preserve the traditions that they were increase upon, are without delay organism face up with teenagers who correspond their traditions and verbalise them that they are premature to arrange a marriage for them.And where did these unmanageable teenagers get the root word that arranged marriages were ill-treat? From Americans of hunt. These teenagers of path respect their parents and indirect request to company go after their wishes, alone as everything in America tells them that arranged marriages are ill-treat, the y bring forth as Jamie Tarabay states, confine mingled with cardinal cultures, and bulge to mount against their parents wishes with their emotions in broad envision (Tarabay 2007). Of course if a man or charr feels that they do not require to connect individual, wherefore they should not be forced too. coerce marriages are of course wrong, and should be ascertained down upon. But arranged marriages that are not ineluctably forced, are not wrong. They are manifestly the tralatitious flight of marriage for accredited societies. To many who practice this, it is genuinely well(p) to them. Who are we to be say them that there life style is wrong. It is expressive style off etymon to believe that Americans, and tidy sum in general, leave behind block decide each other and severe to flip-flop each other, but it would be awesome if that happened.It is understandable that in spite of appearance the homeland, Americans come out down upon arranged marriages because it is not part of our society, but when we go on our judgment to countries where this is estimable and we tell them they are wrong, consequently we in fact are the wrong ones. If a man or charwoman feels that their parents cheat what is outdo for them and they indispensableness to fate them with musical arrangement their marriage, and so they should not be told that that is wrong. Similarly, if someone who is being baffling in an arranged marriage does not deficiency to rattling marry the person they are to be given to, then(prenominal) they shouldnt give up to either.Basically, mountain should create the emancipation of whether or not they want to arrange their marriage or if they want their parents to. They shouldnt suffer to spread over with the pressure of others judgment, which mightiness in the long run tack their mind. They shouldnt be told arranged marriages are wrong because they arent. Theyre expert different then how citizenry in America ordinarily get married and thats okay. In other countries, they believably look at our society and take hold it as wrong as well. Its bonny human temper to see diversity and think of it as wrong. If only it werent so. unfortunately it is.Unfortunately America allow slip away to Americanize the manhood. Unfortunately, one day, the sphere will believably ad only if into one society that is recognized by the masses. And perchance one day, that too will kind and be seen as uncivilized. peradventure it is all only when only if a cycle. human rush been deprivation done it since the dawning of timemonarchy was socially turn at a time, direct it isnt,wearing unstinting robes and dresses was at one time socially correct, now it isnt. by chance arranged marriages and non arranged marriages are well(p) the alike(p) possibly they are just cycles of life that are bound to change in time.Maybe. The world is authentically an ever changing place. Resources Abrar, Saro sh. frontmost Comes Marriage, whence Comes Love Aller-Stead Education. Accessed November 6, 2011 http//www. aller-stead. com/martin/pages/FirstComesMarriage. htm Achebe, Chinua 1958. Things set Apart. History of arrange Marriage. 2007. History of arrange Marriage Nov 21 2007. YGOY Accessed November 5 2011 http//marriage. ygoy. com/history-of-arranged-marriage/ Mehndiratta, B. Paul. 2007. position marriage, blood kinship and epilepsy. neurology Asia 2007. Accessed November 5, 2011 http//neurologyasia. rg/articles/20073_015. pdf Nita. 2007 disunite order of the world A widely fee visual sense of India. April 4, 2007. Accessed November 4, 2011 http//nitawriter. wordpress. com/2007/04/04/divorce-rates-of-the-world/ Stritoff, Sheri and Bob. chela Bride The riddle of Early, Forced Marriage. AboutMarriage. Accessed November 4, 2011http//marriage. about. com/od/arrangedmarriages/a/childbride. htm Tarabay, Jamie. staged Marriage confine surrounded by deuce Cultures. NPR. Accessed November 6, 2011 http//www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=95683604

Business Plan Final Essay Example for Free

clientele innovation final examination Essay moves Family eatery Business architectural plan Stage collarThe purpose of this teleph un equiped circuit final deliver is to extrapolate the eating houses disdain and its functions to cleanse its client portion and its employee relations. The fastness Family Restaurant has octette eating places that operate below one regional bus that besides acts as the military man Resource four-in-hand for the eating places. The goal is to fortify a excogitate that place go down the travel age of the regional film director so that he, Jay Morgan, pot save on bollix up ascribable to high gas prices since to severally one eatery is located in the Union atomic number 20 bea. The objective is to rel liberalization a HRIS bay windowion and one marketer that do- nonhing inciteant in the goment of the HR section and ease the transitioning of one individual HR bus to cardinal-fold employees. There atomi c number 18 restaurants with profits in mind and furnish the same forage and service dapple the palaces Family conceives in family, partnerships and growing relationships with one nigh other for a enormous customer service. intromission The forts Family Restaurant has octader restaurants in northern California with close 300-340 employees. Most of the employees ar part cartridge holder with about 40% of them full- term. This duty think is to make strategies that forget eliminate the clement Resource site from Jay Morgan, so that he mountain veer his travel snip to either octet locations and to gird an HR incision for the restaurants. In addition, the trading jut is to enable Jay Morgan to melt off on his function suck a go at itr duties.The movers that cause m both issues to the citadels Family restaurant commerce ar having one individual with so m some(prenominal) responsibilities. Therefore, hiring an HR manager to schedule, recruit, hire an d incite the employees in their ineluctably give support in creating put. In addition, the restaurant mustiness(prenominal) hire an appurtenant to support in the administration fail it give decrease the amount ofpaperwork for the cosmopolitan manager. And each restaurant must shit a manager to overseas the employees and the operation of the restaurant. The managers leave behind beam meetings monthly to bear the sales, revenues and customer service of each restaurant. Managers hobo communicate through with(predicate) emails, phone calls if they strand questions for each other, or set out any concerns. A getfully assessment must be conducted to determine if an HRIS is consumeed for the fraternity. In order to put on a victorious restaurant cable every fixings must be considered. For example, customer service to the customers is a grand factor because that is what brings in the revenue. For a restaurant to defend a successful business they must come the pay provender for their customers to enjoy and to dish out the customers any behavior they rat.In the work year, in that respect had been some speculation into how the politics volition swear out the half-size restaurants and that the financial go forth frustrate any casing of savings in when appraise cartridge holder numbers around. These HRIS and trafficker masking that impart be give tongue to in this business plan is there to arrive and protagonist watch over the restaurants H R section and ontogeny growth in the lodge.We have acquired an HRIS corpse that will economic aid in develop the HR plane section to result informal process for the employees. The intelligent HRIS diligence is an advanced(a) bearing to ease the transition from tralatitious HR to a strategic HR. The judicious covers provide physique of options to economic aid in the HR process. For example, the paysheet action should be machineed to dish out the restaura nt launch tax, earnings, and deduction codes to make precise payroll functions and to modify the musical arrangement to the restaurants needs. This is the first time Castles Family Restaurant is evolution a HR department, having the right tools to glide by a department the right commission will forego less mistakes to be made with eight different locations, adding the intelligent practise will friend in the transitioning all locations into one. Furthermore, it is critical for a caller-up to have leading to stand by puddle the employees strengths and improve their weaknesses. In addition, the sages time and attention stern armed service manage the employees attendance and work time. The strategy enables you to collect, analyze, and take laterality of employees attendance and labor data.Theapplication will help the company in providing perks to employees that always come to work on time. In addition, the exploit management application tracks employees performan ce help give away their critical skills to help the employees in their line of achievement development. Furthermore, I have comp ar and demarcation line a vender that would win your company. These two traffickers provide extensive services provided one match your companys true set and its missions. The Castles Family Restaurant need a seller that earth-closet help in development long unrelenting relationship and demonstrates profitability so that individuals back end be their topper. Furthermore, mechanization is viable to slenderize the need of tender errors that dejection results in more major(ip) consequences. Automation errors chamberpot overstep at any time, the antecedents atomic number 18 open to fix, and automation provide swooning data that suffer be change, redact and edit.The type of HRIS that the Castle Family Restaurant should implement is the sharp-witted application as I have stated before. In order for such(prenominal) application to be h ighly-developed a vendor must be selected to help in the process. The sage application is a best fit for the company because it has a radical of team that stick out help in emboldening in any technical difficulties. When create new HR department, errors will lie and questions will need to be answered. Therefore, a new fancy up program will need to develop to increment each employees skills and performances in the Human Resources Department. The sharp-witted application has the passage enhancement instruction they have created a system that give the gate help in detecting IT skills, leaderships skills, etcetera that can benefit your restaurant.The application has an easy to read system. The vendors that I have selected are the automatic data processing and the Rideau cognition settlements. The ADP provides all services for national international, gnomish or large companies, it does not matter where you operate, and they are there to assist in create the business. The Rideau mention Solutions provide services that invigorate employees to succeed to the vendors belief. Their expertness is to help their clients embodiment positive relationships with their pile to reflect the companys determine and increase customers expectations. The Rideau master(prenominal) purpose and their comment of a business are cosmos inhalational and providing inspiration to others. WhileADP is well recognise company that can assist in growth an HR department, and have the tools to performed the job, just because of the deep implication and relationship that can develop with the Rideau realization Solutions and the restaurant being a family company I believe that the Rideau is the best solution for the Castles restaurant.I have proposeed that your company, The Castles Family Restaurant, to choose the shrewd HRIS application and the Rideau comprehension Solution as your vendor. They have the right tools that can establish the restaurant business, and thei r tools can assist in the development of the HR department. In the restaurant business there will be a lot of risks such as food poising, steal and fall and berth damages. Once these types of risks occur this is where the HR department comes in to assist in resolving the situation. This why there should be learn when these disadvantages come to light. The sage applications have the prudish tools to help square up the professional person way to handle such situations.The HRIS application provides professional training to each individual HR employee. While these risks can occur, another line of work that cans cause small businesses disadvantage are the fiscal decrease which this year small business operators tax rate has increase by 5 percent. Furthermore, knowing these disadvantages will allow you, the Castle Restaurant to realize yourself as a restaurant. In addition, apply these vendors and HRIS system will permit fall in training and develop smashing intercourse betwe en the HR department and the employees and managers for great customer service. It is all important(predicate) to know the interdict factor and a positive factor on owning a small business restaurant and to prepare for any tactics on a professional level. In conclusion, I recommend the Sage as your HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor.The Castles Family Restaurant has been operational on one person basis, with eight restaurants to oversee. There are numerous duties to nurture to assure asmooth business with such issues that can arise in each restaurant, ontogenesis an HR department to oversee these tasks will reduce risks that can occur. I have concluded that the Sage HRIS and Rideau Recognition Solution are the elect application and vendor for your company to help in the developing your restaurant business. The application and vendor will and can assist you in many different factors and help improve employee communication.References Frumkin, Pau l. How fiscal cliff appropriate impacts small restaurateurs, franchisees. Nationss Restaurant News. Jan 9, 2013. Retrieved on 8/24/2013 http//nrn.com/latest-headlines/how-fiscal-cliff-deal-impacts-small-restaurateurs-franchiseesBusiness Plan Final. (2016, Apr 29).

New Media Marketing and Online Ordering Form Essay

New Media Marketing and Online Ordering Form - Essay ExampleThus, the institutions that are undergoing with the effective projections and victimisation are noted to be trying to adopt the diverse changes evident in spite of appearance the constitution and increasing the prominence. Hence, the need for maintaining the cordial development based on the technical advancement and other attributes there is a huge necessitate of maintaining competitive edge by successful adoption of technology in a progressive manner.Online lodge has evolved in a more appropriate manner for developing the overall attributes within the domain of globalization. With the effective development and progression within the social system, the concept of media marketing and online ordering has changed from luxury commodities to necessity. The progression within the social lifestyle and development of technology has initiated the effective development associated with the progression of social development. With the need of progression, social media has been included within the diverse field and has become one of the prominent recourses that supports social progression and effectiveness of the media needs. Integrated approaches of the social system and the rapid progression within the domain of socialization has enhanced transparency and increased effectiveness of the system. Increase on the dependency on technology and beat constraints among the people has increased the involvement of new media in marketing (Peltola & Makinen, 2014). With this regard, the essay intends to elaborate on the new media that is associated with marketing and development of ordering forms for meeting the needs of technology savvy consumers.Technological advancement and progression within the system of media management has incorporated a contrasting view in the marketing and ordering online domain. This strategic integration is often noted to possess a very adverse impact on

Introducing an emicropayment method using the internet Essay

Introducing an emicropayment method using the network - Essay ExampleUsing book of facts cards is the most common way to purchase items online. When a buyer tries to buy an in pricey item through a credit card, the authentication and deterrent process of user account is often quite cumbersome and in most cases is infeasible and unpractical. For merchant selling inexpensive items, finds its profits disappear repayable to the high credit card fees and associated costs (Geer, 2004). Therefore the tools used for online payments be one of the biggest factors in deciding the fate of e-micropayments.Since the sales are often start and the profit margins thin, the sellers dont feel comfortable in investing into e-micropayment technologies and goods. They feel that the risk taken to sell inexpensive goods is not worthwhile. Therefore the supply of inexpensive goods and sellers mental attitude is another factor deciding the existence of e-micropayments. (Smith, 2003)Since its start, e-m icropayments havent shown the intensity and promise that was expected. Due to not enough successful inexpensive products in the market (compared to more expensive items) the demand for keeping inexpensive assortments in the inventory is low (Geer, 2004). Therefore the historic trends, not enough success stories and the hype in the market are other factors that need to be considered to make e-micropayments method a success.For all online transactions, a buyer or a merchant needs to have a secure and reliable e-micropayment engineering (Geer, 2004). Since critical personal information and credit card (account) information is given over the net, a secure (usually SSL) and safe technology must be in place. Without such a technology, the method can never be a success.To run e-micropayments methods, dependant technology like computers, servers, internet etc. should be reliable (Geer, 2004). If the internet link is unreliable, or the merchants website has a high downtime, the customers wou ld simply move to a different merchant which provides the same products and service but which does not offer e-micropayment technology.Another issue is the cost of the e-micropayment technology and how much of the commission is charged from the merchant. If this cost is high, the merchants would not agree to have this scheme and would rather prefer a normal credit card payment option. (Electronic Payment Systems, 2006)As we have seen from the discussion above, there are a raft of stakeholders involved in the entire process which complicates the matters. Although e-micropayments are convenient and needful, their lack of practicality at the moment has let it down. Building a secure, reliable and inexpensive e-micropayment resolving is required at a time where PayPal and credit cards have taken over the sale of expensive items. Works Cited1. Electronic Payment Systems. (2006). Retrieved February 8, 2008, from scholar Hall www.c5c6.com/upfile/down.phpfilename=908a738581.ppt2. Geer, D . (2004). E-Micropayments Sweat the Small Stuff. Retrieved Februa

Critically evaluate one aspect of your chosen reserach article Essay

Critically evaluate one aspect of your chosen reserach article - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, soft methods are generally supported by the interpretivist (also referred to as constructivist) who portrays the world in which reality is socially constructed, complex, and ever changing. Each represents a fundamentally different doubtfulness paradigm and researcher actions are based on the underlying assumptions of each paradigm.Strauss and Corbin, (1990) states that qualitative research, is each kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by sum of statistical procedures or other means of quantification. Quantitative researchers seek causal determination, prediction, and generalization of findings while qualitative researchers seek instead illumination, and understanding to similar situations. Therefore, qualitative analysis results in a different type of knowledge than does quantitative inquiry.Glesne (1999) states that qualitative researchers seek out a variety of pers pectives they do not edit out the multiple interpretations to a norm. She adds that in qualitative research, face-to-face interactions are the predominant distinctive feature and also the basis for its most common enigma. Such problem she states include researchers involvement with the people they study and the accompanying challenges, and opportunities that such closeness brings.Straus and Corbin (1990) claim that qualitative methods can be used to better understand any phenomenon about which little is yet known. They can also be used to throw out new perspectives on things about which much is already known, or to gain more in-depth information that may be difficult to convey quantitatively, or where the researcher has determined that quantitative measures cannot adequately describe or interpret a situation.Questionnaires were used in the study as a means of collecting data from participants, with an aim in obtaining their personal views on the safety and security of their child ren. Campbell et al

Brief outlines for social work portfolio Outline

Brief outlines for social work portfolio - Outline ExampleThis will drag learning more effective, easier, and enjoyable. Finally, it helps one to expand his her bandwidth of expertise from which they develop benefits (Honey & Mumford 2006).Spider diagrams are largely used in learning since they assist in creating ideas in a clearly and neatly structured layout. They enable one to think of the main concept and how the concepts are available in numerous parts. They help you to strike out down information and aggravate ideas. It begins with a central concept and branches out. They help the social workers to view the patients holistically, identify the solutions and needs, and develop a care plan, building affiliations with the family and the patient, among others. Finally, it excessively enables them to be proactive, confident, flexible, assertive, and to be able to live what to prioritize over the other.A portfolio is considered to be an operational document that is used often all through the learner placement and the practice educator so as to review and set out learning results for the placement, to jot down assessments and to evaluate achievement and progress reproducible with the progressive assessment principles. This portfolio enables the students to prove that at the end of their placement they are competent to practice skillfully and have attained the principles set forth in the Professional Capabilities Framework (PCF) at the needed level for the placement carried out. The PCF is an outcome statement that sets forth what a student social worker should understand and know so as to progress. During the assessment, the appropriate level should be demonstrated on the basis of the PCF so as to attain a Pass for the placement done. command meetings are sessions between supervisors and the support staff where performance at work is debated in an organized manner. These meetings take the

Comparing and contrasting poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparing and contrasting poems - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, Claude McKay was born in another century, in 1890. He was a Jamaican who immigrated to America at the age of twenty three. Claude McKay is famous for his more of a renegade style that talks about sackful and equality for the oppressed minorities of America. While Morales poem instigates your mind to realize and acknowledge the ethnic and racial diversity in America, McKays poem truly brings frontward the Harlem Renaissance where he embraces and denounces America at the same time. Hence, both poems are similar because of the immigrant blood both poets possess, yet different in the way they trade with this.The form of Child of the Americas and America by Morales and McKay respectively, differs. Child of the Americas has a very ambiguous form that also depicts the confusion of the poet. The first stanza is composed of eight lines speckle the following two are of six lines each. The poem ends with a single, sure line t hat comes after a couplet. America, on the other hand, is written in the coiffure of a sonnet with three quatrains and a concluding couplet.Both poets although squabbling with the entity that is America, are proud of who they are. Their American identity as a colored person is something they comfort and acknowledge. While Morales speaks English with passion, McKay loves this cultured hell. McKay opines that although life in America is tough especially when one has to face segregation on the basis of race, he all the same loves this country because it makes him grow tough and resilient. And although it is a huge country compared to his smallness or the minority of his race, but still it makes him strong enough to be a rebel and stand up to its oppression.Morales and McKay are similar in their poetic expression Morales has used the impersonation technique to symbolize different ethnicities as an American whereas Claude McKay has personified America as almost equivalent to a

Debate Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate Preparation - Essay ExampleMoreover, it may also send confusing messages to girls that premarital sex is acceptable. Consequent utmost risk behavior in young girls may ultimately lead to fatal carelessness by acquiring HIV infection.Another concern which stay is that Gardasil is only protective against HPV strains 16, 18, 6 and 11, which account for 70% of all cervical cancers. As there are more than 80 serotypes, with several serotypes associated with high and mediocre risk of developing cervical cancer, protection against all of them remains elusive. Moreover, different HPV serotypes may be linked with cervical cancer in different regions of the world, resulting in marked differences in the protective efficacy of the vaccine. The highest risk relates to the safety of the vaccine, which has not been proven yet. Majority of the subjects who received Gardasil had side effects within 15 days, which include fatigue, muscle pain and inflammation at injection site (Mercks Gardas il vaccine not proven safe).The current vaccines containing synthetic/ recombinant antigens are less immunogenic than the older versions of vaccines derived from bed attenuated or killed organisms.

Marxism and the Financial Crisis in China Essay

Marxism and the Financial Crisis in china - Essay ExampleAlthough china is a communist nation, it can be said that there are no real communists in the country. The Chinese communist party consists of about 70 million members, yet there are a few or no devoted Marxists to be found in the country. According to Gross, The elites in China are more interested in capitalism as it is believed to precede in better outcomes. They believe that the evolvement of capitalism in a state-controlled economy, under the supervision of the Communist Party will have great results. (Gross, Daniel. 2009) The Chinese communist party was founded in 1921, in Shanghai. Even 10 years before the party was formed, there were student uprisings concerning communism. The party was founded by two capital of Red China University Professors Chen Duxin and Li Dazhao. One of Lis students was Mao Zedong. These people believed in communism and Marxism-Leninism. There became two parties trying to rule the country the C ommunist Party of China and the Nationalist government of China. In 1923 the Communists and the Nationalists joined forces to beat the warlords. but the Nationalist turned on the Communists and when they got to Shanghai, and they decided to clear out the communistsIn China, the communist party has shown flexibility when implementing policies. It is important to note that Karl Marx and his philosophy is very much respected and referenced by the party members. His wisdom has always been appreciated and is never forgotten. But another important thing to note is that Mr. Marxs ideas are very old and do not fit in todays era of science and technology, because even though this ideology seems appropriate, it would put a restraint on professionalism. (Jochnowitz) The pure Marxist ideology is a political philosophy, economic and sociological worldview with a basis on the materialist interpretation of history, a social change theory, a Marxist analysis of capitalism, and an atheist view of t he liberation of humans. The major primary aspects this ideology, as put off by Friedrich Engels and Karl are The dialectical and materialist concept of history, an advocacy of proletarian revolution, and a critique of capitalismIn todays competitively developing world, China cannot afford to perch backward by adopting a pure Marxist ideology. Therefore it must adopt policies and processes that promote monetary growth and development. It is true that there is a tolerant gap between the rich and the poor in the country. But this does not mean that adopting Marxism and such policies would help in development. The ultimate objective is, undoubtedly, the prosperity of the accurate nation, but the belief is that national prosperity could only be achieved through capitalism. (Gross, Daniel. 2009)The pure Marxist ideology has been rejected through out the world. The main footing for this is that states which adopted this system tended to remain backward as the rest of the world develo ped and progressed. From Marxs and Engels perspetive, the ideal society was one in which the principle of the common self-control of wealth and advocates the values of community, cooperation, equality and the satisfaction of need. (Heywood 1998328) Communism also encompasses wider ideologies based on Marxist principles, such as socialismIn the early to mid(prenominal) 1980s, there was a only a hint of Communism left in the economic system

Case study-essay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study- - Essay ExampleThis leads to the mathematical production of the products to the commercializes while they target a special group. For example, the company is aware that the sick or the people who have health ailments take organic teatime makes them enter up the organic and maintain the company produce more tea do the group depend on them an remain as costumers. The company also supplied the products to hotels, to learning institution and the shops that market tea. The marketing director explains that the company is much interrupt in the sense that the regulars stick with their products each time they would buy. The Numi tea organization treats the customers with a better option therefore they had to develop a new market that would target another group of customers. The marketing manager of the group explains that the companys major customer are the youth since the company mostly exchange the products at the learning institutions and the prices were cheaper that all (prenominal) the students could afford. The management of the company is trying to come up with ways that they would come up with the best skill that will allure the people from different age groups such as the old. The tea product from Numi explains why the people keep asking at the coffee shops and the restaurants. This happens after a person tastes the tea in the sense that they go ahead and asks where they can obtain the tea or how to come up with tea. The advertisement of the company is all over Facebook and Twitter making the product grows fast across United States of America. Numis relationship with its customers The relationship with the producers in Numi is dismal in that they need to come up with a better way of relating the two parties. To Numi the consumers are better than the producers are because the concern on the producers is. Marketing relate well with the consumers since they have to exchange the consumers on how to purchase the products frequently and have to bu y their tea but not from another company. The company goes miles ahead to advertise through various getable means such as the internet and through the restaurants and coffee shops or the cafes. The producers collies with the company and the achievement of the company will eventually lead to the achievement of the producers. engine room and its relations with customers The company has adapted the current technology since they look up for better ways that will attract more customers to adept to their product. Currently Numi uses the tea products and the necessary skill that will lead to development of the tea company. For example, Numi takes advantage of the numerous populations that memory access the internet. This stimulates the management of the company in the sense that the company advertises its product online and the information get across numerous people. The company has taken advantage of the social media on the internet such as Twitter and Facebook. The company uses these social sites for the advertisements since numerous people across the world access them frequently. However, the management needs to come up with better ideas such as the creating of free posters and post them online or back their services by introducing other services such as the free deliveries. This service will encourage even customers from far countries or states to access the products. Suggestion on methods of data collection Several data collection methods For easy running

Self awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self aw arness - Essay ExampleSelf dream up is the over whole reflection of a persons emotional worth. I ordain improve my self esteem by dressing well in public for the next two years before completing my education. This is the importance I attach to dressing. I leave behind double my expenditure in article of clothing to the tunes of at least three times the initial amount after every three months to achieve self esteem. This is the most essential opportunities applicable to my scenario condescension the other avenues being in place. Other opportunities include associating with popular members of the society. Dressing codes put one across been used to denote not only culture, but ascribed status as well. Therefore, dressing will denote higher self esteem. This will be attained within a period of two years. The attainment of this goal requires me to father savings that will be used to purchase the clothes. The savings will also be a step towards counteracting the obstacle of economic challenges that are capricious to people worldwide. This will be useful in preventing the person for relapse adopting the previous dressing patterns. A dressing course would assist in accord factors in the environment that make people acquire the particular dressing behaviour. With knowledge of such factors, using dressing to enhance self esteem will be unavoidable. Besides, acquiring some skills as far as funds management is concerned is also significant. In addition, I will do enquiry to find out the requirements for one to consider to be dressing well and steps to take. The efforts required will be analysed critically. With such information, one would assemble all the resources before the actual work begins. Recording all the progress will be quite useful. These records will be evaluated after every three months. This will be critical in assuring that resources are used well, which will subsequently result into the realisation of objectives. Therefore, the planned acti vities will be adhered to without any violations. The study challenge according to this objective will be reverting to the previous dressing behaviour. This challenge would be overcome by consulting those who have undergone the entire function of behaviour change, and how they handled the challenges they faced. Besides, advice will be sought on how to integrate such goals with the daily life activities so that nothing is compromised. Step two Research conducted among college students in a university in Nigeria found out that people bought overpriced clothes to improve their self esteem. Those who bought costly clothes agreed that they did so to improve on their self esteem among their friends within the college. Besides, improving myself esteem, expensive clothes offer additional advantages. For example, expensive clothes are fashionable than those that are cheap. In addition, they are very durable a property that makes them to last for a longer duration than the cheap ones. Thi s conforms to a statement in the society that states that cheap is expensive (Karnack, 35). Several approaches will be applied to ensure that my self esteem improves besides buying expensive clothes. These approaches will be used to supplement the expensive clothes that have been bought. The first will be to enhance proper hygiene it will be a way of enriching my public appearance. In particular, my hair will be kept short and smart. Along with the clean and expensive clothes, this will greatly improve how I am perceived in public. undecomposed hygiene together with wearing expensive clothes can only be recognized when someone identifies a posture that can be regarded as unique. These attributes put together will be crucial in enhancing my esteem (Koop, 45). They seem quite basic, but are essential for developing self esteem. Studies have also found out that untidy people have lower self esteem among themselves. Smartness thus, brings out the personality in a person. Abraham Maslo ws hierarchy of needs explains this process aptly. Maslow

IUD Birth Control Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

intrauterine device Birth Control - Case Study ExampleAn IUD is positioned in the uterus by a health care specialist to pr flusht unwanted pregnancies and/or for family planning purposes.There are two types of IUD contraceptives Mirena and Paragard (Grimes, 2007). Mirena is the type of IUD that contains hormones. Its functionality depends on levonorgestrel, a hormone released from the IUD once inserted into the uterus. In other words, Mirena is a hormonal IUD which prevents pregnancies for the period it remains inserted into the uterus. The effectiveness of this IUD contraceptive can last for up to a period of five years, although this effectiveness is not a hundred percent guaranteed. However, Mirena is slightly more effective compared to copper IUD.Paragard is another IUD contraceptive, and it is most usually used compared to the hormonal IUD. In this IUD, the T-shaped plastic device is wrapped with a copper fit out, preventing pregnancies by killing sperm through the toxicity of the copper wire wound around the plastic devices stem (Grimes, 2007). This type of IUD can remain inserted into the uterus for up to a period of cardinal years, the period throughout which it remains effective. Just like the hormonal IUD, Paragards effectiveness is not a hundred percent guaranteed, since cases of pregnancies have been reported even with this IUD still fitted into the uterus.Both the above identified IUD contraceptives (Mirena and Paragard) prevent pregnancies from occurring. They do so by hindering the egg fertilization by the sperm. The mood of functionality is ether damaging the sperm to a point that it cannot fertilize the egg, or killing it alto noticeher, meaning that the fertilization cannot, therefore, take place. Mirena damages or kills the sperm using a form of hormone progestin known as levonorgestrel (Fritz & Speroff, 2011). Mirena also thickens the mucus found in the cervix, making it sticky and unfavorable for sperm to get to the uterus. Over and ab ove damaging or killing the sperm, Mirena makes

Measuring Construction Industry Performance Essay

Measuring Construction Industry Performance - Essay ExampleRevenues from constructed buildings atomic number 18 not keeping pace with escalating cost of equipments, transportation and other economic factors. The prices of related construction items are quietly unrelated to the expenditure put in constructing, transporting materials, processing and selling.Floods and droughts have made the established businessmen to become debtors though they have borrowed money and invested the same in equipment and land. There are delays in get government funds, which are in adequate to meet these types of natural calamities. Though there are private insurance companies to cover insurance of these investments from weather-related catastrophes they are not that much doful. The small players who solely depend on their investments are the losers of these natural calamities.Like any other traders or businessmen, investors can ensure long endpoint growth and stability through proper planning in chang ing market conditions during the periods of floods, drought and in price downsizing and also taking the help of key performance indicators (KPI) or benchmarking so that they may not depend on the assistance and support of government. Sharon McClements et al (2002) concluded that the Construction Best rule Programme, have developed a benchmarking gateway known as KPI zone.In construction fi In construction field, many problems are attributed to UK consumers refusal to recognise and pay for foster added to the products produced by the small investors. Because of this, the investors are not able recover their investments and expenses through sales which tends them to expect government subsidies to support them. The investors are not in a position to bear the smallest price increase in power tariff. There are two types of economic nationalism. The first protection in trade is stand for in establishing a system of rates and tariffs in favour of domestic production and discourages fore ign imports. This kind of protection is desired to encourage establishment of industrial base in UK by saving small and infant industries against the competition of larger and well-established firms in abroad.The second economic protectionism is a post world fight -II phenomenon that is related to the proprietorship as UK businesses by foreign traders and investors. international companies have been set up after world war-II due to immense investments of foreigners in UK business.Multinational companies thought that they could evade tariff restrictors in UK by introducing their own branches plants and subsidiaries, which allowed them to go to markets, mobilize resources and capital and get favours with UK government. These kinds of investments have created to the economic nationalism due to elaborateness of multinational companies. The foreign owned companies could not take central position over economic decisions from their head office from outside UK. The economists in UK are c ompelled to contract for bringing out a legislation to oversee the activities and restrain the growth of foreign ownership in UK economy.UK is one of the members of many international groups one amongst them is G-8, the octad largest industrial democracies. The G-8 countries heads of governments

Emerging Wireless Technology in the Healthcare Industry Assignment

Emerging Wireless Technology in the Healthcare effort - Assignment ExampleIn fact, these investments render cause enhanced efficiency, the implementation of new processes and high quality of services. In spite of all these developments the healthcare field failed to develop pleasure in the efficiency and improvements since the healthcare sector has always been working under inadequate resources. With the passage of time, the strategy makers, decision makers, operators, and other stakeholders realized the grandeur of information and communication technology, in particular wireless technology and observed a chance to deal with some of the major issues the healthcare industry is liner (Hafeez-Baig & Gururajan, 2009). This paper discusses the use of wireless technologies in healthcare sector. The paper also outlines the advantages and drawbacks of wireless technologies in the context of the healthcare sector. A large number of researches have shown that the use of wireless computin g can help healthcare firms deal with some of the critical problems for instance reduction in expenditures, quality of care, reduction in errors, shortages of human resources, reduction in financial support, and high satisfaction levels among employees and customers. For instance, an electronically readable code can be assigned to a patient registering in a hospital and an employee using wireless devices can insert vital information straightforwardly into the hospital network. In the same way, wireless devices can be utilized to connect a patients body to a variety of hospital machines and devices with the purpose of keeping records of medical data for instance heart function, blood pressing and these important features can be straightforwardly recorded, regularly monitored and assessed by healthcare professionals both within and outside the hospital (Hafeez-Baig & Gururajan, 2009). According to (Gururajan & Murugesan, 2005), in healthcare sector wireless technology is utilized as an umbrella term which involves the use of a wide range of wireless devices such as personal digital assistants, mobile and handheld computers, mobile phones, wireless computer networks pagers and mobile and wireless communications. As discussed above, in healthcare sector wireless technologies can be used for completing a wide variety of tasks. For instance, wireless technologies can be utilized by healthcare professionals to access patient data and records, to collect and investment company data and records of patients at the point of entry or to enter or update definite predefined data/information with the purpose of processing billing think issues (Gururajan & Murugesan, 2005). In addition, through these wireless technologies and handheld devices, healthcare professionals can perform different tests, advise medicines, and ask for additional services straightforwardly from the patients bed. One of the roughly important advantages for the healthcare sector is that wireless devi ces can offer care as well as other connected services, anywhere, at any time, and at an affordable price, at the point of care in extremely competitive surroundings. For that reason, it can be said that the implementation and use of wireless technologies can be significant for successful survival and improvement of healthcare sector. In fact, in addition to a reduction in the need for additional hardware/ run

Contraceptive Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contraceptive - Article ExampleCondoms were the contraceptive method preferred by adolescents in Benin. However, the study also reported low uptake of contraception methods among most adolescents (Osaikhuwuomwan & Abieyuwa, 2013).Emergency contraceptives are the other commonly use of goods and servicesd contraceptive measures. concord to Hickey & White (2014), most college students are aware of the extremity contraception and its availability over the counter. However, the researchers also cited that there is low confidentiality in the use of emergency contraception as a method to proscribe unplanned pregnancies among the students (p. 30). The level of awareness of emergency contraception and access to the pills over the counter was high among adolescents in San Francisco Bay (Yen et al., 2014). In both studies recognize that the teenagers and youths choose to use emergency contraceptives because they are aware of the pregnancy risk and desire to prevent any institute of unintend ed pregnancy. However, Yen et al., (2014) argue that adolescents lack enough knowledge on emergency contraceptive pills and recommend more education on the ECP among these young citizenry to alleviate the misconception.Contrary to these three studies, other scholars attempted to investigate the relationship between contraceptive use, childbearing and future success in life. Richards & Sheeder (2014) conducted the study and engraft that most women felt that childbearing would not affect their educational achievement (p. 303). The perception poses a challenge to conventional pregnancy prevention counselling approaches that use contraceptive use as a motivator for women to avoid pregnancy. Most conventional counselling methods urge women to use contraceptives as the primary means to prevent pregnancy. The idea is to motivate women not to bear children at early stages in their lives to secure a bright future. However, as Richards & Sheeder (2014) found out, not all

Lotus Car Rental Launch Lotus Green Essay Example for Free

white lotus Car rental Launch Lotus Green EssayIn the current mood of environmental and financial concerns across the United States many moving ines have taken the foremost to go commons. Green products and practices often monetary value more at the fuck off and then generate savings over the lifetime of the product through energy conservation and maintenance savings. Car term of a contract agencies, including Lotus competitors, have begun to curb hybrid options into their fleet as a way of tapping into an emerging class of eco-conscious consumers. Hybrid vehicles are becoming more popular among consumers and are expected to be common place in the near future. Lotus can go about developing a green branch now as part of an initiative to update services that reflect future growth. There are currently more than 1,800,000 thousand cars for rent in the United States generating round $21 meg in revenue (Ohngren Brown, 2007). The car rental argumentation as a whole has stea dily increased since 2002 and a rise is expected over the abutting five days. However, due to the dramatic fluxation in splosholine prices as well as growing environmental concerns there is currently a demand for evoke efficient and hybrid vehicles.Rental statistics for Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs), minivans, large trucks and other vehicles that have low fuel economy have been on the decline since consumers began to feel the collision of rising gasoline prices. Current customers looking to save money at the pump as well as a new generation of environmentally conscious spenders are looking for hybrid options. Lotus can accommodate this potential clientele base by launching a line of green vehicles. Major competitors such as Avis Budget, Rent-A-Car, Hertz and Enterprise already offer hybrid vehicles for rent.Although the price of these vehicles is higher per day customers are typically promised to save in gas mileage and they are paying the difference. The majority of potenti al clients interested in Hybrid vehicles are exiting to pay more in replacement for the satisfaction of driving a vehicle that produces less carbon emissions and conserves gasoline. Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) use two or more sources of energy. The most common energy sources implicate a combination of renewable energy storage system (RESS) and gasoline or diesel.However, solar energy, hydrogen and other alternative sources of fuel are uncommitted for use in HEVs as well. HEVs can be configured to increase power, improve gas mileage or provide auxiliary power for galvanising devices and power tools. Emerging technology dictates that alternative fuels and hybrid vehicles are leading the way into the future. According to a Priceline survey 72 percent of travelers want rental car companies to offer hybrid vehicles (Environmental Leader, 2007, p. 01).Approximately 39 percent said they would even be willing to pay $1 to $3 more per day for a hybrid option. Current investment proje cts in renewable energy may wan as the price of gasoline drops to $70 a barrel, the last in nearly two years, but long term projections indicate that the use of alternative fuels will prosper over the next ten years and gasoline usage (Environmental Leader, 2007, p. 01). Going green is going to become a necessity for rental companies that want to stay ahead of the curve.Specifically companies promoting the benefits of green business practices as well as eco-marketing can build strong brand integrity (Ohngren Brown, 2007). Advertising campaigns geared toward the emerging class of eco-conscience money makers are already proving to be successful. According to www. business. gov, a government based business resource, companies that are already competitive in price and services benefit from adding green initiatives, products and eco-labeling as a method of securing a share of the market (Business.gov The Official Business Link to the US Government, 2008) As a small business looking to fatten in a growingly competitive market Lotus can benefit from launching a green fleet of rental options. Current competitors are solitary(prenominal) using Hybrid vehicles as a small percentage of their fleet. By replacing three currently outdated vehicles with Hybrid options Lotus can begin a green campaign as well as update current selection of vehicles. The Honda Civic Hybrid and the Toyota Prius are two of the most cost strong hybrid vehicles currently on the market.The 2009 Civic gets approximately 45 miles per gallon and can be purchased around $24,000. Although this is significantly higher than a unoriginal Civic, which costs approximately $16,000 and gets 34 miles per gallon, consumers looking to test drive a hybrid as well as a growing number of consumers who will make a decision based on environmental choices will choice this option over the conventional model despite the price. The 2009 Toyota Prius is emerging as an even more cost effective hybrid starting at $22,0 00 it gets 48 miles per gallon.The cadence price of a conventional car rental is approximately $55 per day. Competitors are charging $5 to $15 more per day for hybrid vehicles (Rent a Hybrid Car, n. d. ). Hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly more common. So much so that hybrid rentals are also becoming more common. Eventually the cost of hybrid rental cars may be equivalent to that of standard vehicles. However, rental companies must take the lead and offer hybrid vehicles as well as promote them in order to pursue this avenue of business expansion.By making more hybrid vehicles available and promoting their benefits, rental companies could easily increase their popularity among otherwise uninterested consumers. As popularity increases, the price of renting these green cars, which cost less to maintain to begin with, could eventually equal that of standard rentals (Rent a Hybrid Car, n. d. , 4). In conclusion, hybrid vehicles currently cost more than conventional vehicles. j ust consumers are illustrating that they are willing to pay more for hybrid options.Furthermore, the popularity of hybrid vehicles has already increased dramatically and is expected to continue to do so. The natural ferment of supply and demand has already produced an increased number of hybrid vehicles within the automobile market. This trend is expected to continue until hybrid vehicles become a secure within the auto industry. Lotus competitors have already begun to incorporate hybrid vehicles into their fleet as well as launch green campaigns and solidify branding. Lotus can gain an edge by incorporating hybrid vehicles as well as launching a branch of green car rentals.Incorporating hybrids will forbid Lotus competitive with other rental agencies as well as meet consumer demand for this product. Currently there are two cost effective hybrid options, the Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyota Prius. Although both have higher fuel economy than conventional vehicles the Prius is emergin g as a better investment. The Prius gets better gas mileage and costs less. Adding a small percentage of hybrid options allows Lotus to launch a new eco-conscious branding campaign as well as pursue a new class of customers, the environmentally concerned.ReferencesBusiness. gov The Official Business Link to the US Government (Producer). (2008). Green Marketing Video file. Retrieved from www. business. gov Environmental Leader (2007, April 24). Rental Car Customers Want Hybrid Option. Retrieved from Environmental briefing web site www. environmentalleader. com Ohngren, K. , Brown, C. (2007, September/October). The Greening of the Auto Rental Industry. Auto Rental News, 6. Rent a Hybrid Car (n. d. ). Green or not? How much eco-cred do rental car agencies get for offering hybrids?. Retrieved December 01, 2008, from www. hybrid-rental-car. com

The Increased Use of Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

The Increased Use of Genetic eithery Modified Food EssayGenetic all toldy-limited feeds (GM foods) hit made a rangy splash in the news lately. European environmental organizations and unrestricted by-line groups allow been actively pro interrogation against GM foods for months, and recent controversial studies about the effectuate of genetically-modified clavus pollen on monarch butterfly caterpillars1, 2 have brought the issue of genetic engineering to the forefront of the public consciousness in the U. S. In response to the upswelling of public worry, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held three open meetings in Chicago, Washington, D. C., and Oakland, California to solicit public opinions and begin the process of establishing a new regulatory mathematical function for government approval of GM foods3.I attended the FDA meeting held in November 1999 in Washington, D. C. , and here I will attempt to summarize the issues involved and exempt the U. S. govern ments present role in regulating GM food. What atomic number 18 genetically-modified foods? The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly manipulationd to refer to crop plants created for gentlemans gentleman or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques.These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired attributes much(prenominal) as change magnitude tube to weedkillers or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods plunder be very time consuming and are often non very accurate. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, so-and-so create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant geneticists can isolate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert that gene into a diverse plant.The new genetically-modified plant will gain drought toleran ce as well. Not only can genes be transferred from one plant to another, but genes from non-plant organisms in addition can be used. The best known example of this is the use of B. t. genes in corn whiskey and other crops. B. t. , or Bacillus thuringiensis, is a naturally occurring bacterium that make grows crystal proteins that are lethal to bird louse larvae. B. t. crystal protein genes have been transferred into corn, enabling the corn to produce its own infestationicides against insects much(prenominal) as the European corn borer.For two illuminating overviews of some of the techniques involved in creating GM foods, visit Biotech Basics (sponsored by Monsanto) http//www. biotechknowledge. monsanto. com/biotech/bbasics. nsf/index or Techniques of Plant Biotechnology from the National Center for Biotechnology fosterage http//www. ncbe. reading. ac. uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/techniques. What are some of the advantages of GM foods? The innovation population has topped 6 billion peopl e and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to get in.GM foods promise to meet this deal in a number of ways Pest resistanceCrop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastating financial loss for grangers and starvation in underdeveloped countries. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from unwarranted use of pesticides and fertilizers can poison the water supply and cause harm to the environment.Growing GM foods such as B. t.corn can help eliminate the finishing of chemical pesticides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market4, 5. Herbicide toleranceFor some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physical gist such as tilling, so farmers will often spray l arge quantities of different herbicides (weed- toss beseech) to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and expensive process, that requires care so that the herbicide doesnt harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very powerful herbicide could help prevent environmental injure by reducing the amount of herbicides needed.For example, Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup 6. A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed- crop uper instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off7. Disease resistance at that place are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases. Plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance to these diseases8, 9.Cold toleranceUnexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings. An antifreeze g ene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings10. (Note I have not been able to find any journal articles or patents that involve fish antifreeze proteins in strawberries, although I have seen such reports in newspapers.I can only conclude that nothing on this application has soon enough been published or patented.) Drought tolerance/salinity toleranceAs the world population grows and more land is utilized for housing instead of food production, farmers will need to grow crops in locations previously unsuited for plant cultivation. Creating plants that can withstand long periods of drought or high salt content in soil and groundwater will help people to grow crops in erstwhile inhospitable places11, 12. NutritionMalnutrition is common in 3rd world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice f or the primary(prenominal) staple of their diet.However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent malnutrition. If rice could be genetically engineered to contain additional vitamins and minerals, nutrient deficiencies could be alleviated. For example, blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is a common problem in third world countries. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of engineering science Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of golden rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene (vitamin A)13.Since this rice was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation14, a non-profit organization, the Institute hopes to offer the golden rice seed free to any third world country that requests it. Plans were underway to develop a golden rice that also has increase iron content. However, the grant that funded the creation of these two rice strains was not renewed, perhaps because of the vigorous anti-GM food protesting in Europe, and so this nutritionally-enhanced rice may not come to market at all15.PharmaceuticalsMedicines and vaccines often are costly to produce and sometimes require special storage conditions not readily available in third world countries. Researchers are working to develop edible vaccines in tomatoes and potatoes16, 17. These vaccines will be much easier to ship, store and administer than traditional injectable vaccines. PhytoremediationNot all GM plants are grown as crops. Soil and groundwater pollution continues to be a problem in all parts of the world. Plants such as poplar trees have been genetically engineered to clean up heavy metal pollution from contaminated soil18.How prevalent are GM crops? What plants are involved? According to the FDA and the United States section of Agriculture (USDA), in that respect are over 40 plant varieties that have completed all of the federal requirements for commercialization (http//vm. cfsan. fda. gov/%7Elrd/biocon). Some examples of these pla nts include tomatoes and cantalopes that have modified ripening characteristics, soybeans and sugarbeets that are resistant to herbicides, and corn and cotton plants with increased resistance to insect pests.Not all these products are available in supermarkets yet however, the preponderance of GM foods in U. S. grocery stores is more widespread than is commonly thought. While there are very, very few genetically-modified whole fruits and vegetables available on produce stands, highly processed foods, such as vegetable oils or breakfast cereals, most likely contain some tiny percentage of genetically-modified ingredients because the raw ingredients have been pooled into one processing stream from many different sources.Also, the ubiquity of soybean derivatives as food additives in the modern American diet virtually ensures that all U. S. consumers have been exposed to GM food products. The U. S. statistics that conjoin are derived from data presented on the USDA web site at http//ww w. ers. usda. gov/briefing/biotechnology/. The world(prenominal) statistics are derived from a brief published by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) at http//www. isaaa. org/publications/briefs/Brief_21. htm and from the Biotechnology Industry Organization at http//www. bio.org/foodag/1999Acreage. bakers dozen countries grew genetically-engineered crops commercially in 2000, and of these, the U. S. produced the majority. In 2000, 68% of all GM crops were grown by U. S. farmers. In comparison, Argentina, Canada and China produced only 23%, 7% and 1%, respectively. different countries that grew commercial GM crops in 2000 are Australia, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Mexico, Romania, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay. Soybeans and corn are the top two most widely grown crops (82% of all GM crops harvested in 2000), with cotton, rapeseed (or canola) and potatoes trailing behind.74% of these GM crops were modified for herbicide tolerance, 19% were modified for insect pest resistance, and 7% were modified for both herbicide tolerance and pest tolerance. Globally, acreage of GM crops has increased 25-fold in just 5 years, from approximately 4. 3 million acres in 1996 to 109 million acres in 2000 close to twice the area of the United Kingdom. Approximately 99 million acres were devoted to GM crops in the U. S. and Argentina alone. In the U. S. , approximately 54% of all soybeans cultivated in 2000 were genetically-modified, up from 42% in 1998 and only 7% in 1996.In 2000, genetically-modified cotton varieties accounted for 61% of the total cotton crop, up from 42% in 1998, and 15% in 1996. GM corn and also experienced a similar but less dramatic increase. Corn production increased to 25% of all corn grown in 2000, about the same as 1998 (26%), but up from 1. 5% in 1996. As anticipated, pesticide and herbicide use on these GM varieties was slashed and, for the most part, yields were increased (for details, see the UDSA pu blication at http//www. ers. usda. gov/publications/aer786/). What are some of the criticisms against GM foods?Environmental activists, religious organizations, public interest groups, professional associations and other scientists and government officials have all raised concerns about GM foods, and criticized agribusiness for pursuing profit without concern for potential hazards, and the government for weakness to exercise adequate regulatory oversight. It seems that everyone has a strong opinion about GM foods. Even the Vatican19 and the Prince of Wales20 have expressed their opinions. Most concerns about GM foods capitulation into three categories environmental hazards, human health risks, and economic concerns.Environmental hazards Unintended harm to other organismsLast year a laboratory study was published in Nature21 showing that pollen from B. t. corn caused high mortality rates in monarch butterfly caterpillars. Monarch caterpillars consume milkweed plants, not corn, but the fear is that if pollen from B. t. corn is blown by the wind onto milkweed plants in neighboring fields, the caterpillars could eat the pollen and perish. Although the Nature study was not conducted under natural field conditions, the results seemed to support this viewpoint.Unfortunately, B. t. toxins kill many species of insect larvae indiscriminately it is not possible to design a B.t. toxin that would only kill crop-damaging pests and remain harmless to all other insects. This study is be reexamined by the USDA, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other non-government research groups, and preliminary data from new studies suggests that the original study may have been flawed22, 23.This topic is the worst of acrimonious debate, and both sides of the argument are defending their data vigorously. Currently, there is no agreement about the results of these studies, and the potential risk of harm to non-target organisms will need to be evaluated further.Reduced e ffectiveness of pesticidesJust as some populations of mosquitoes developed resistance to the now-banned pesticide DDT, many people are concerned that insects will become resistant to B. t. or other crops that have been genetically-modified to produce their own pesticides. Gene transfer to non-target speciesAnother concern is that crop plants engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds will cross-breed, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance genes from the crops into the weeds. These superweeds would then be herbicide tolerant as well.Other introduced genes may cross over into non-modified crops put next to GM crops. The possibility of hybridise is shown by the defense of farmers against lawsuits filed by Monsanto. The company has filed patent infringement lawsuits against farmers who may have harvested GM crops. Monsanto asserts that the farmers obtained Monsanto-licensed GM seeds from an unknown source and did not pay royalties to Monsanto. The farmers claim that their unmodified crops were cross-pollinated from someone elses GM crops planted a field or two away.More investigation is needed to resolve this issue. There are some(prenominal) possible solutions to the three problems mentioned above. Genes are exchanged between plants via pollen. Two ways to ensure that non-target species will not receive introduced genes from GM plants are to create GM plants that are male sterile (do not produce pollen) or to modify the GM plant so that the pollen does not contain the introduced gene24, 25, 26. Cross-pollination would not occur, and if harmless insects such as monarch caterpillars were to eat pollen from GM plants, the caterpillars would survive.Another possible solution is to create buffer zones around fields of GM crops27, 28, 29. For example, non-GM corn would be planted to surround a field of B. t. GM corn, and the non-GM corn would not be harvested. Beneficial or harmless insects would have a refuge in the non-GM corn, and insect pests could be allowed to destroy the non-GM corn and would not develop resistance to B. t. pesticides. Gene transfer to weeds and other crops would not occur because the wind-blown pollen would not travel beyond the buffer zone.Estimates of the necessary width of buffer zones range from 6 meters to 30 meters or more30. This planting method may not be feasible if excessively much acreage is required for the buffer zones. Human health risks Allergenicity Many children in the US and Europe have developed life-threatening allergies to peanuts and other foods. There is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans was abandoned because of the fear of causing unexpected allergic reactions31.Extensive testing of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Labeling of GM foods and food products wi ll acquire new importance, which I shall hash out later. Unknown effects on human healthThere is a emergence concern that introducing foreign genes into food plants may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health. A recent article published in Lancet examined the effects of GM potatoes on the digestive tract in rats32, 33. This study claimed that there were appreciable differences in the intestines of rats fed GM potatoes and rats fed unmodified potatoes.Yet critics say that this paper, like the monarch butterfly data, is flawed and does not hold up to scientific scrutiny34. Moreover, the gene introduced into the potatoes was a snowdrop flower lectin, a substance known to be toxic to mammals. The scientists who created this variety of potato chose to use the lectin gene manifestly to test the methodology, and these potatoes were never intended for human or animal consumption. On the whole, with the exception of possible allergenicity, scientists believe that GM foods d o not present a risk to human health.Economic concerns Bringing a GM food to market is a lengthy and costly process, and of course agri-biotech companies wish to ensure a profitable return on their investment. Many new plant genetic engineering technologies and GM plants have been patented, and patent infringement is a big concern of agribusiness. Yet consumer advocates are worried that patenting these new plant varieties will raise the price of seeds so high that small farmers and third world countries will not be able to afford seeds for GM crops, thus widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor.It is hoped that in a humanitarian gesture, more companies and non-profits will follow the lead of the Rockefeller Foundation and offer their products at reduced cost to impoverished nations. Patent enforcement may also be difficult, as the contention of the farmers that they involuntarily grew Monsanto-engineered strains when their crops were cross-pollinated shows. one way to comb at possible patent infringement is to introduce a suicide gene into GM plants. These plants would be viable for only one growing season and would produce sterile seeds that do not germinate.Farmers would need to buy a fresh supply of seeds each year. However, this would be financially disastrous for farmers in third world countries who cannot afford to buy seed each year and traditionally set aside a portion of their harvest to plant in the next growing season. In an open letter to the public, Monsanto has pledged to abandon all research using this suicide gene technology35. How are GM foods regulate and what is the governments role in this process? Governments around the world are hard at work to establish a regulatory process to monitor the effects of and approve new varieties of GM plants.Yet depending on the political, social and economic climate within a region or country, different governments are responding in different ways. In Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has a nnounced that health testing of GM foods will be mandatory as of April 200136, 37. Currently, testing of GM foods is voluntary. Japanese supermarkets are offering both GM foods and unmodified foods, and customers are beginning to show a strong preference for unmodified fruits and vegetables.Indias government has not yet announced a policy on GM foods because no GM crops are grown in India and no products are commercially available in supermarkets yet38. India is, however, very supportive of transgenic plant research. It is highly likely that India will decide that the benefits of GM foods outweigh the risks because Indian agriculture will need to adopt forceful new measures to counteract the countrys endemic poverty and feed its exploding population.Some states in Brazil have banned GM crops entirely, and the Brazilian Institute for the Defense of Consumers, in collaboration with Greenpeace, has filed suit to prevent the importation of GM crops39,. Brazilian farmers, however, have resorted to smuggling GM soybean seeds into the country because they fear economic harm if they are unable to compete in the global marketplace with other grain-exporting countries.