Significance Of The Agents Of Socialization Essay - 902 Words

9. Name and discuss the significance of four Agents of/Participants in Socialization. The four Agents of Socialization are the family, school, peers, and workplace. Family is a huge and very influential agent of Socialization, Families today are so vastly diverse and the environment a child grows up in has a lasting affect on them. Although children spent a lot of time with their family, a majority of their life is spent in school. School is where children are first introduced to authority outside of the home, and how they react is crucial. Peers are also another agent of Socialization, Influence is key in a peer group. Some peer groups alleviate pressure and stress in a good way, but others cause pressure and stress. The fourth agent of Socialization is the workplace. The workplace can be an uplifting motivational environment or a depressing environment. A person’s attitude about work contributes to their overall attitude about life. 10. According to Becker (â€Å"Becoming a Marijuana User†), what is the process involved for a person who becomes a habitual user of marijuana? Becker states, â€Å"An individual will be able to use marijuana for pleasure only when he goes through a process of learning to conceive of it as an object that can be used in this way† (5). Through his study Becker repeats several times an individual must learn how to use the drug. He also says a user must perceive the effects and enjoy them (3-4), or the user will discontinue using the drug. 11.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Socialization1676 Words   |  7 PagesSocialization is defined as the â€Å"process by which individuals acquire thoughts, feelings, and behaviors â€Å"appropriate† to their positions in society,† (Rohall 149). Individuals experience socialization beginning the day they are born, and throughout most of their lives. It can occur through everyday observation and interaction at every stage of development, or it can occur more formally though education and mentors. Socialization is important to how individuals interact in society and it also playsRead MoreSocialisation After Adolescence Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Summary 1) Adult socialization is a time of learning new roles and statuses. 2) Peer Groups are strong socializing agents for adolescents who are still trying to find their own identity. 3) Radio, television, cinema, newspapers, magazines, music, and the Internet are powerful agents of socialization. 4) The state almost shapes our life cycle. 5) School plays a major role in socializing adolescents. It is a place of education where the individual learns to socialize with both authorityRead MoreAnswers on Questions Regarding the Relationship between Violence and Child Development1338 Words   |  5 PagesGerard Roe, 2009) 2) Socialization is the process through which individuals learn to be proficient, capable members of a group or society. This is done by molding their behavior and adapting it to ways of acting that is considered appropriate in the society in which the individual lives. In simple words socialization teaches a person how to act. This process begins at the time of birth and continues throughout an individuals lifespan. It occurs when various agents interact with one another;Read MoreArousal Reappraisal and Social Anxiety696 Words   |  3 Pagesmotivational resources over time†, is true. Motivation is something that needs development of the right tool and resources over time. One tool to help build inner motivational resources is the concept of appraisal. Appraisal is an estimate of the personal significance of an event (i.e. is this life event important?). This also means that appraisal, and not the event it self, causes how one feels and how one is motivated to act. For exampl e, a person with social anxiety is scared to do anything with social interactionsRead More‚Äà ²Discuss How Far Sociologists Would Agree That Teenage Criminal and Deviant Behaviour Results from Parents Failing to Socialise Their Children Correctly‚Äà ´977 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming rich through the system of meritocracy. Merton also argued that deviant or criminal activities defer from the shared norms and values of society which leads to anomie. This means people would be uncertain over the norms and values. The significance of this is that Merton’s theory would be likely to affect lower/ working class families as they have little chance of achieving success therefore they would want to find an alternative to success. Merton would blame parents for failing to socialiseRead MoreThe Fundamental Agents Of Socialization976 Words   |  4 PagesAs one of the most fundamental agents of socialization, the social construct of traditional families had contin ued to be molded and transformed by events in history. Most families in the United States no longer thrive within the traditional boundaries and guidelines set by our forefathers. At first, families within the United States consisted of a father, a mother and a few children; however, due to historical events, traditional families shifted to include same-sex couples, single parents, and fewerRead MoreHiring A Gender Wage Disparity Through The United States Awareness Bake Sale993 Words   |  4 Pagesreading Sklar, our class discussed what we thought about the reading and it was shocking to hear the additional information that was given on wage gaps between males and females. According to Kalantari’s The Influence of Social Values and Childhood Socialization on Occupational Gender Segregation and Wage Disparity, statistics are provided to demonstrate that although female participation in the paid workforce has increased, overall women s wages relative to men s has not. Using the latest statisticsRead MoreSport Sociology : Sports As A Part Of Cultural And Social Life1577 Words   |  7 Pagesand religion and more importantly a functional alternative action. That is to say that sport is like a retroactive version that can represent these social actions or serve as a substitute. Sports are a central source of identity, meaning, and socialization simultaneously offering emotional experiences that are similar to the stimulation generated in war. The success of sports in this regard is evidently dependent on the fact that, in modern forms, the physical risks that are innate in any group enlistmentRead MoreCrime and Violence2453 Words   |  10 Pagesp eoples particularly males. In the fight against the increase in acts of crime and violence in Trinidad and Tobago we as a nation must take the initiative to address the issues of globalization, family diversity, education and the challenging socialization situation of our society today. Statistics have show that there has been a significant increase in the number of acts of violence and reported crimes especially by young people. In the year 2007 there were 395 murders and 115 kidnapping, this numberRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Reality1806 Words   |  8 Pageshuman nature, or does it depend on agents of socialization? Most importantly, why is society the way it is? Society is developed through a number reasons, including a combination of an understanding of needs and wants of others as well as oneself, the influences on others, and social interactions. The significance of the Social Construction of Reality in contemporary society depends on the limits of socialization, theories of socialization, agents of socialization, social interactions, and the social

The Development Of Middle Childhood - 1147 Words

As a young child, I remember there were three things I had always wanted. First, I wanted a small black puppy with a white spot over its eye, like I had seen in the ‘One Hundred and One Dalmations†. Then, I wished for a lot of Barbie dolls that I could play with. Finally, my most important wish was that my mom and dad would stay together forever, like they did it the Disney movies. I had received my puppy that I loved. I had even received all the dolls I wanted from the Ariel collection. But, sadly, my last wish couldn’t be fulfilled because my parents had filed for divorce after being together and married for 20 years. As stated in the ‘Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood’ power point divorce is considered a grieving process and we all had lost my dad. Not only had we lost our dad, but we lost a second income and support system in the household. So, I wasn’t surprised when it was stated divorced families typically have secondary losse s because, after the divorce my mom, two sisters, and I had to move into a two bedroom apartment because we couldn’t afford the house anymore. My mom had received custody of my two sisters and me, and when my dad felt like dealing with us for the weekend, we went over to his one bedroom apartment. As stated in the textbook on page 258 and 259, children who experience their parents getting a divorce tended not do as well in school, have and maintain normal relations with others, and had a harder and longer time getting use to differentShow MoreRelatedChildhood Development : Middle Childhood1269 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Childhood Development The middle childhood is to leave the play years to start maturing years to start adolescence (Berk, 2010). During the middle childhood, children began to have a lot physical changes. As well as, they begin to discover there identify that they are. For example, secondary sexual organs begin to develop in the boys and girls, they will confuse about identify. The puberty is the cycle when children are out of control because they will transition to leave the children to enterRead MoreMiddle Childhood Development1444 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Childhood Development Carman Moon ECE 332 Professor Haddy October 3, 2011 Each child will grow and develop, but not all will reach milestones at the same time. This makes it very important for educators and parents to have knowledge and understanding of the developmental milestones of middle childhood in order to ensure that a child is developmentally progressing within a normal time frame. These milestones are set up as a guide to help parents and educators make choices to takeRead MoreEssay on Developments in Middle Childhood1584 Words   |  7 Pagesages of 8-12 are defined as being within the developmental stage of middle childhood.   At this age, the rapid development of previous stages has decreased and the physical changes within this period are slower and more defined.   The refinement of gross and fine motor skills is a critical aspect of this stage as the delayed or retarded development can have significant impact on the areas of cognitive, social and emotional development.   In order to ensure children are equipped with the correc t knowledgeRead MorePsychosocial Development in Middle Childhood1046 Words   |  5 PagesChildren in middle childhood are growing psychosocially at a quick rate. During middle childhood they become industrious, develop a self-concept, and learn how to be friends, amongst other things. In Erickson’s Stages of Development a child in middle childhood, (or children from age six to age eleven), move through the industry versus inferiority stage. This stage is marked by the child working to gain new skills and in general just being productive (Click P. M., Parker J., 2002, p. 89). A childRead MorePhysical Development in Middle Childhood1324 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents aged in their middle childhood (6-10 years) and planning curriculum. During this time the student’s physical development is changing dramatically and as teachers we need to understand the changes they are going through so we can adjust the learning environment accordingly. By â€Å"physical† I of course mean the development of the body, brain and motor skills. I will now explain the importance of all factors needed for excellent physical growth and development in the middle childhood years. One importantRead MoreCognitive Stage Of Middle Childhood Development860 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Dynamics Anthony Darey Argosy University Cognitive Stage of Middle Childhood The 1970 s was my era of middle childhood development. This was still a time of turmoil and racial inequality. Being a black child gave me few advantages growing up during this time. I attended decent schools, lived in a middle class neighborhood, and was socially active. I was a nerd, but not in the best sense of the word. I was smart but I was lazy.Read MoreEssay Middle Childhood and Adolescent Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle childhood, is a very exciting time for young children from the ages of seven to twelve years old. It’s known as the school years and new social and cognitive traits are being learned at home and at school. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory found this to be the latentcy period in which no much happens. He described this because children at this age sexual and aggressive urges are repressed (Stages of Growth Development, 1898-1987). This paper will also discuss the changes from middleRead MorePhysical Development in Middle Childhoo d Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pageshuman development are influenced by diverse factors. Phases of development extend from the beginnings of human life and continue throughout the lifespan. These developmental phases are characterised by a range of features including brain development, language development and social development amongst others. Gross motor skills include activities such as running, skipping and jumping. They involve the use of the body’s larger muscle groups. Gross motor skills greatly improve in middle childhoodRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Middle Childhood Development1403 Words   |  6 Pageskinds of development throughout middle childhood. It can alter socioemotional development, cognitive development, and physical health. (Evans, 2013). Parenting practices, neighborhoods, and overall environment play a significant role regarding to the emotional and physical health during development in middle childhood. Disruption with physical and emotional health could potentially cause harm to the child. In this essay, I will explain how poverty affects children throughout development and the differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Development On The Middle Childhood1169 Words   |  5 Pagesage to adolescent is a time of growth and change. They are learning so much about the world around them, as well as their place in it. Their bodies are growing, and changing, and their cognitive capacity is increasing. Physical development in the middle childhood continues steadily and children grow taller. Growth is especially apparent in the legs. Their fine and gross motor skills improve too and they have greater strength and muscle control since their bodies have grown in size. Obesity

The Mindset of Leadership-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Critically assesses and evaluates your Organisation and Sector using Organisational Systems and structures theory (vMEME) and all the types of approaches and Models of Organisational Strategy. Answer: Introduction The change in the needs and preferences of the consumers has enumerated changes in the systems of the organizations. In order to cope up with the changes, the organizations are required to undertake steps to manage the issues faced by the organization. In this relation, the company requires a leader. The leader enumerates the pathway to the improvements and undertakes the hefty decisions of the organization in order to make the progress. The structure of the organization and the mindset of the leader greatly affect the organizational growth and expansion. Therefore, a leader is required by the organization in order to undertake the progress. The report discusses the concepts of the leadership approaches based on the mindset of the individuals. The mindset of the leader and the approaches undertaken by the person helps in making the most of the resources available in the organization. The consideration undertaken by the leader is based on the requirements of the organization to bring in improvements in the organization (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). The sustenance of the organization in the market is again another concern of the organizations. The Oman Oil Company, which is an oil refinery in Oman, is being considered as per the criteria of the leadership undertaken by the organization and the effects of the mindsets on the improvements undertaken by the organization. The main purpose of the report is to understand the different mindsets of the leaders help in determining the requirements of the progress of the organization and sustenance in a competitive market. It analyzes the effect of the management and leadership on the organizational framework and the effects on the competition in the market. The discussion helps in the understanding of the progress made by the company based on the leadership skills and the adaptability of the organization. The report also helps in understanding the issues faced by the organization and enumerates recommendations for its gradual improvement. Characteristics of the organization The characteristics of the organization are determined by the culture that is being undertaken by the organization, which helps in the achievement of the common objective. The characteristics of the culture of the organization are based on the seven elements. They are innovation, detailing, emphasis on the outcome, emphasis on the human resource, teamwork, aggressiveness and the stability (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez 2012). The characteristics define the goals of the organization in holding a sustainable market. The organization undertakes innovative measures, which helps the company in bringing the change in the market and enjoys a competitive advantage over the other companies. The detailing of the product helps in rendering the quality, which helps in retaining the brand loyalty. Every company undertakes their functions with the expectation of the outcome (Wright, Moynihan and Pandey 2012). The outcome determines the success factors of the company in th e market. On the other hand, the human resource and the teamwork are essential factors that are required for the continuous growth of the organizations. It helps in undertaking the smooth functioning of the processes involved. The characteristics of the company help in undertaking the improvements based on the requirements of the stakeholders of the company (Breevaart et al. 2014). The Mindset of Leadership The vMEME theory that will be discussed in this section of the report helps in determining the organizational structure and the systems that help in the developmental process of the organizations. The mindset of the leaders helps in defining the functions undertaken by the organization (Refer to the Appendice 1). The steps taken by the leaders and the autocratic decisions based on the requirements of the organizational growth facilitate the function of the leader in affecting the organizations structure (Cavazotte, Moreno and Hickmann 2012). The most important consideration undertaken by the organization relating to its comparative growth is based on certain characteristics. The undertaking of the functions of the organization is based on the holistic harmony of the organization. The main aim of the leader is to determine the areas of crisis that the organization might face and the recommended action that must be undertaken in order to solve the issue (Kelloway et al. 2012). The leader also focuses on improving the communication systems in the organizational structure, which helps in undertaking the good relation between the stakeholders of the concerned organization (Noruzy et al. 2013). It is the sole responsibility of the leader to enhance the conditions of the communication networks as it helps in modifying the systems based on the feedbacks. The leader is also concerned about the efficiency and productivity of the organization (Den Hartog and Belschak 2012). Therefore, in order to ensure the efficiency of the people working under the company, the leader formulates plans in order to keep the people motivated and focused on their respective job role. The leader also promotes learning and innovation in order to make improvements in the structure and the products manufactured by the organization. It helps the organization in gaining a competitive advantage over the other companies in the market. The most important function based on the improvements of the organizational structure is due to the culture of the organization that is being developed by the leader gradually. The culture helps the organization in making their progress in the market (Hoon Song et al. 2012). The function of a leader as a mentor in determining the long-term perspectives and the improvements helps in sustaining the organization. It provides a scope for expansion and growth of the concerned organization. Impact of the Leadership structure and values on management and staff The most important consideration undertaken by the leadership structure affects the management of the organization and its structure in various ways. The different ways in which the leadership structure affects the organizational framework is being discussed in this section of the analysis. The internal stakeholders of the company are being benefitted through the efficient functioning of the leadership structure. It helps in determining the value of the human resource that works for the organization (Carter et al. 2013). Moreover, the efficient functioning of the organization is based on the leadership that is being chosen by the organization. The concerned company for this report aims at motivating the employees in order to make them focused on their respective job roles. It helps the organization in undertaking the smooth functioning (Aryee et al. 2012). Thereby it helps the organization in undertaking the required change. It helps in determining the progress made by the organization. The consumers demand for the modifications in the services offered by the company is being facilitated through the motivation of the employees. It helps the organization in making a good progress in the market. The enhancement of the communication skills helps in integrating the internal departments of the organization. This in return results to the enhancement of the working conditions and a gradual progress in the organizational systems (Kuo, Chen and Deng 2012). The step undertaken by the organization is based on the change that the organization is looking forward to undertake through the feedbacks received from the consumers. The feedbacks help the organization to improve in the respective fields based on the demand of the consumers. The innovation determines the organizational growth and development in the market. It is being undertaken in order to cope up with the changes in demand (Bell 2013). The innovation is an important criterion, which helps in determining the competitive advantage of the company over the other companies in the market. The sustainable approach of the organization is based on the leaders insight and perspectives which are implemented thereof. The sustainability of the organization is dependent on the factors of the change that the organization must undertake continuously in order to modify to the changes in the demand. Distinction between the approach of the company and the other competitors The distinction in the processes results to the competitive advantage of the organization over its competitors (Miah and Omar 2012). The innovation that is being undertaken by the organization has helped the organization in retaining the market. The quality of the services that are being provided by Oman Oil Company has helped the organization in retaining a brand loyalty among the consumers. Although the company suffers from a high rate of competition on the international basis, however in the local market, the company has taken the form of a monopolistic enterprise. The customer-oriented approach of the Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company and the innovations that are being undertaken by the Oman Oil Industry Supplies and Services has posed a serious threat to the market of the concerned company for this analysis. On the other hand, the communication that is being undertaken by the concerned organization is upgraded as per the requirements of the organizational change (Sallai 2012). The integration of the departments of the organization gets affected due to the effective communication and the implementation of the correct channels of communication. The requirement of the company in order to cope up with the international market is based on the modifications. The quality of the services is required to be monitored for delivering the uninterrupted services, which is the major objective of the organization. In order to bring in the certain changes, the leader must take steps in order to bring in organizational improvements and make them sustainable in the market (Behl 2015). Determination of the differences The differences that are being enumerated in the previous section of the report helps in determining the positive and negative impacts of the differences in the organization. The determination of the differences helps the organization in planning the change and thereby implements the same for the change. Monitoring over the services and the quality that is being delivered by the company must be enhanced in order to cope up with the market competition (Hawthorne et al. 2014). It helps in determining the market of the organization. Improvements in the quality of the services help the organization in subduing the effects of the competitors in the market. Communication, on the other hand, helps the organization in integrating the different departments of the organization. It helped the organization in making a gradual progress in the market through the improvements in the relations with the stakeholders of the organization. It also helps in undertaking the management of the internal systems of the organization. Determining the Organizational Sector The organizational sector constitutes the field on which it functions. The functionality of the organization is based on the products and the services that are being developed by the organization. It also depends on the organizational goals, which makes it an integral approach to be considered by the management of the organization (Scott and Zachariadis 2017). The functions that are being undertaken by the organization help in determining the sector to which the organization belongs. The sector of the organization evolved with the requirement of bringing in modifications in the refineries. The technological advancements have led to the rise of the improvements that are required by the organization to take up changes in the social forms. The differences in the sector have given rise to competitions in the global market. It has made competition more prominent at the peripheral level (Refer to the Appendice 2). The extent of the change and the benefits that the other companies in the other nations offer have posed a serious threat to the expansion of the concerned company of the report. The companies, worldwide, have evolved strategically based on the requirement of the clients (Mittal, Momaya and Agrawal 2013). The customer-oriented approach and the quality of the services have created a serious impact on the usability of the services offered by the sector. The price and usability of the services determine the demand. The price and the usability of the services vary according to the offerings made by the organizations in this sector. The usability of the services and the accessibility of the networks is an important issue that is being faced by the telecommunication sector worldwide. Organizational growth and success The organizational growth and success are dependent on the factors of the change that are being undertaken by the organizations in order to cope up with the change in the demand and preferences of the consumers. The most important part of the modifications undertaken by the organizations is based on the client requirements. On the other hand, the organizational structure plays a major role in facilitating the change. It helps the organization in making the continuous improvements in the market (Thaichon et al. 2014). The growth of the organization depends on the factors of the change that the concerned organization must undertake in order to make them sustainable in the market. It is undertaken with the perspective of the future of the organization and the success that leads to the growth of their business. Changes in the sector The changes that are being undertaken by the companies in the sector are based on the requirements of the organizations relating to the growth and sustenance in the market. The organization aims at undertaking the changes for bringing in the technological advancements. The changes in the internal and the external environments of the organization have resulted in the evolution according to the changes (Verbeke et al. 2012). The oil refining sector has changed rapidly with the technological advancements. The technological advancements undertaken by the organization helps in determining the increasing requirements of the people. The most successful organizations have undertaken the change in the communication procedure. It helped them in determining the integration between the different departments. It also helped them in undertaking proper communication with the stakeholders of the organizations. The innovations undertaken by the organizations help them in retaining the market and the brand loyalty. It helps in determining the success factors of the organization based on the requirements of the change (Lee 2013). The innovation in the services has helped the organizations has helped the organizations in upgrading to the changes. Moreover, the quality of the network services is being enhanced through the proper functioning of the organizations. It helped the organizations in bringing about the desirable change in the structure. The change that is being undertaken by the concerned company amounts to the enhancements in the communication process. It will help the organization in undertaking the possible modifications based on the feedbacks that they received from the consumers. The feedbacks will help the organization in making improvements in the structure and thereby ensure the sustainability of the market. In this era of communication technologies, improvements in the communication system of the organization have helped the organization in keeping ahead of the competitors in the local market (Gandini, Bosetti and Almici 2014). However, there are issues that the organization faces in the international level markets relating to the availability of the services and competition. It narrowed the scope of the company in the global market. Key issues faced by the company and the recommended actions The key issues that are being faced by the concerned company are based on the expansion of its business beyond the local markets. The level of competition that is being faced by the organization in the international markets is primarily based on the factors of the modifications that the company could not take efficiently. The changes in the technology and the varied range of services that are being offered by the competitors globally have outnumbered the limited scope of the services that are being provided by the concerned company (Feneyrol 2012). The incompetency of the organization based on the resource planning and the development is an issue that is again a major drawback of the organization. The most important consideration undertaken by the organization is based on the range of services that are being provided by the organization. The concerned organization also lacks in the supply of skilled workforce which affects the smooth functioning of the organization and bringing in the change that is required by the organization to hit the international markets. The skilled workforce helps in determining the quality of the services that are being provided to the consumers. It provides the company in enhancing the efficiency of the services that are being provided to the clients. In order to overcome the limitations the organization is planning to introduce new services that shall make the market more competitive for the other existing companies in the same sector. In order to understand the different scales of demand, the company is about to stimulate a communication strategy that will be working on the feedbacks. This section enumerates the steps through which the company can bring in the modifications in the sector to undertake the progress. The most important change that the company must undertake is based on the product offerings of the organization. It will enhance the companys market share and thereby make more progress in the market. The technological advancements undertaken by the other companies have resulted to their growth beyond the borders of their respective nations. The concerned company for this report must make use of the communication channels in order to connect to its major stakeholders who support the growth of their business. The company also faces issues in managing their workforce. Therefore, in order to keep their work force motivated, incentive plans and grants must be formulated. Moreover, the hours of extra work done by the workforce are required to be recognized by the organization. The skilled work force helps in the smooth functioning and the growth of the business. It helps in enhancing the quality of the services that are being delivered by the organization. The enhancement of the quality and the revision of the price based on the demand in the international market will help the organization in making improvements in the market. Critical analysis of the issues faced by the organization Bell (2013) believed that the organizational structure could be improved through the thorough understanding of the discrepancies. Therefore, in order to bring in improvements in the market, the organizations must make use of the strategies in order to resolve the issues. On the other hand, Cheon, Lackner and Urpelainen (2015) believed in the instance of the change as a requirement of the organizations to sustain in a competitive market. Therefore, the concerned company of this report must take steps in order to ensure their existence in the market through the proper implementation of the strategies. The issues that are being faced by the organization is due to the lack of efficient leadership. The oil company must undertake steps in order to improve the communication systems and develop the IS which will help in monitoring over the requirements of the organization relating to its considerable growth. on the other hand, the incompetence of the organization in meeting up with the global market competition is due to the substantial quality of the oil that is being refined by the organization. In order to improve the productivity, the company must undertake steps to include skilled workforce and proper machineries. The most important step that the organization must undertake is to install the CRM and the ERP, which helps in the proper monitoring over the processes undertaken by the organization. the information helps in understanding the requirements of the organization based on its objectives to hold a stand in the global market. References Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F.O., Zhou, Q. and Hartnell, C.A., 2012. Transformational leadership, innovative behavior, and task performance: Test of mediation and moderation processes.Human Performance,25(1), pp.1-25. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Behl, A., 2015. An exploratory study of telecommunication sector for selected countries.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(34). Bell, N., 2013. Leading to make a difference: A field experiment on the performance effects of transformational leadership, perceived social impact, and public service motivation.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,24(1), pp.109-136. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.138-157. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. and Mossholder, K.W., 2013. Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), pp.942-958. Cavazotte, F., Moreno, V. and Hickmann, M., 2012. Effects of leader intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on transformational leadership and managerial performance.The Leadership Quarterly,23(3), pp.443-455. Den Hartog, D.N. and Belschak, F.D., 2012. When does transformational leadership enhance employee proactive behavior? The role of autonomy and role breadth self-efficacy.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(1), p.194. Cheon, A., Lackner, M. and Urpelainen, J., 2015. Instruments of political control: National oil companies, oil prices, and petroleum subsidies.Comparative Political Studies,48(3), pp.370-402. Merrow, E.W., 2012. Oil and gas industry megaprojects: Our recent track record.Oil and Gas Facilities,1(02), pp.38-42. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Alazzani, A. and Wan-Hussin, W.N., 2013. Global Reporting Initiative's environmental reporting: A study of oil and gas companies.Ecological Indicators,32, pp.19-24. Hoon Song, J., Kolb, J.A., Hee Lee, U. and Kyoung Kim, H., 2012. Role of transformational leadership in effective organizational knowledge creation practices: Mediating effects of employees' work engagement.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(1), pp.65-101. Kelloway, E.K., Turner, N., Barling, J. and Loughlin, C., 2012. Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership.Work Stress,26(1), pp.39-55. Kuo, Y.F., Chen, J.Y. and Deng, W.J., 2012. IPAKano model: A new tool for categorising and diagnosing service quality attributes.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,23(7-8), pp.731-748. Lee, H.S., 2013. Major moderators influencing the relationships of service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Asian Social Science,9(2), p.1. Miah, M. and Omar, A., 2012. Technology advancement in developing countries during digital age.International Journal,1(1). Mittal, S.K., Momaya, K.S. and Agrawal, S., 2013. Longitudinal and comparative perspectives on the competitiveness of countries: Learning from technology and the telecom sector. Noruzy, A., Dalfard, V.M., Azhdari, B., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. and Rezazadeh, A., 2013. Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp.1-13. Sallai, G., 2012. Defining infocommunications and related terms.Acta Polytechnica Hungarica,9(6), pp.5-15. Scott, S.V. and Zachariadis, M., 2017.The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT): Cooperative governance for network innovation, standards, and community(p. 192). Routledge. Thaichon, P., Lobo, A., Prentice, C. and Quach, T.N., 2014. The development of service quality dimensions for internet service providers: Retaining customers of different usage patterns.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(6), pp.1047-1058. Verbeke, W., Dejaeger, K., Martens, D., Hur, J. and Baesens, B., 2012. New insights into churn prediction in the telecommunication sector: A profit driven data mining approach.European Journal of Operational Research,218(1), pp.211-229. Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. and Pandey, S.K., 2012. Pulling the levers: Transformational leadership, public service motivation, and mission valence.Public Administration Review,72(2), pp.206-215.

Midsummers Night Dream Essays (1831 words) -

Midsummer's Night Dream So often, when books or plays get made into movies, the whole story is butchered, and the final outcome is uninteresting. This is not the case for A Midsummer-Night's Dream. The movie A Midsummer-Night's Dream was extremely well acted out , and had an entertaining plot that kept its viewers intrigued. Its plot was fun and dream-like that kept its viewers entertained. The story line and critical elements were well acted out exciting to follow. Shakespeare created many parallels between this play and that of Hamlet. Overall this was a very good movie, one that I would definitely one that I would tell a friend about. The action in A Midsummer-Night's Dream takes place in mythical Athens. Theseus, the reigning Duke, has conquered the Amazons and has fallen in love with their beautiful queen, Hippolyta. As the play opens, he tells us that their wedding is to take place in five days. At this point, Egeus, a wealthy Athenian, brings his daughter Hermia before the Duke. Having fallen in love with Lysander, a young man of whom her father disapproves, Hermia has refused to marry Demetrius, who is her fathers choice. Demetrius had been in love with Hermia's friend, Helena, but had abandoned her for Hermia. The Duke tells Hermia that according to Athenian law, she must marry Demetrius or die. The other alternative is a life of chastity as a virgin priestess. She has until the Duke's wedding day to decide. After the other leave, Hermia and Lysander determine to meet in a wood near the city the following night. Then they plant to leave the city and go tot a place outside of Athenian jurisdiction where they can be married. Helena promises to help the lovers, and they leave. When Demetrius returns, Helena, who is hopelessly in love with him, tries to win his favor by telling him of Hermia's plan to elope. She is bitterly disappointed when Demetrius hurries away to stop the elopement, but she follows him. In another part of Athens a group of common men, led by Peter Quince, are preparing a play to be given at the wedding feast of Theseus and Hippolyta. The "star" of the group, Nick Bottom, struts and boasts of his ability to play any and all the parts and is finally cast as the hero. All the parts are assigned and the rehearsal is set to take place the next night in the wood outside of Athens- the same wood where Hermia and Lysander are to meet. The night in question is Midsummer's Eve, a time of great rejoicing and mischief among the fairies who live in the wood. Oberon, their king, and Titania, their Queen, have quarreled over possession of a little boy, the child of one of Titania's priestesses. To resolve the quarrel, humble his proud Queen, and gain the boy for his own group of followers, Oberon enlists the aid of Puck. This clever and mischievous fairy delights in playing tricks on mortals and is a faithful servant of Oberon. By putting the nectar of a magic flower on the eyes of the sleeping Lysander, Puck causes him to fall in love with Helena and forsake Hermia. Into this confusion come Bottom and his amateur acting troupe. Puck turns Bottom's head into the head of a donkey, frightening off all his friends and leaving the weaver alone. He comes upon Titania, the Queen of the Fairies, and awakens her from her sleep. Her eyes, like those of Lysander, have been anointed with the magic nectar, and she falls in love with the first creature she sees. Her new love is, of course, Bottom- with his donkey's head. After playing tricks on Titania, Bottom, and the two pairs of lovers, Oberon relents and has Puck set things right again. Lysander and Hermia are reunited, and Demetruius, with the aid of the magic juice, rediscovers his love for Helena. Titania and Bottom are released from their enchantments, and she agrees to give Oberon the little boy to Oberon. The lovers come upon the Duke and his party hunting in the woods that morning. After hearing their stories, he proclaims that the six of them will get married on the same day. Bottom awakens, is confused, but returns to Athens and prepares to give their play at the Duke's wedding. After the triple wedding, the play, "Pyramus and Thisby," is presented as part of the entertainment. It is performed so earnestly and so badly that the assembled guests are weak from laughter.

Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students

Thanksgiving Essay Thanksgiving Essay Day In todays meeting, the President of the United States of America, George W. Bush, officially announced he is having a Thanksgiving party at his ranch in Crawford, Texas this weekend. Throughout the day, invitations were sent out all over the White House. My body grew tremendously excited at the possibility that maybe this year I would be invited. My partner Bill walked in with his invitation in his hand, wagged it around as though it were merely nothing to him and then threw it aimlessly towards the trash can but missed. We will write a custom essay on Thanksgiving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My eyes grew large as I was extremely angered by the offense he had just committed in front of me. To my surprise, he caught my severe look and politely asked, Would you rather go instead of me? I could simply change the name without anyone knowing. The tension on my face began to ease as I looked up at him from my seat and to my amusement my lips formed a strong smile in answer to his question. The process took only a short moment but in that time I carefully observed the paper in Bills hand and couldnt help but notice its beauty. The thickness of the card clearly showed its expense and the soft colors of the shade blue played along the edges of the card, showing its artistic side for the affair. And now I was a member. Once I got to my apartment I called my family back home to tell them about the exciting news. Father wasnt home but the message was reassured to get through to him, making sure plans were still set. I packed everything I thought I would need and headed off to sleep. My legs trembled as they always did at times like these and before I knew it the sunlight crept into my bedroom, slowly covering it completely. Now, it was time to go. I arrived at the ranch on time with everybody else so that I would blend in. There stood President Bush, his lovely wife Laura and the adorable twins Barbara and Jenna. It was the twins 23rd birthday as well, so the celebration was going to be a big hit. On the left side of the President stood everybody else from his team like Vice President Richard B.Cheney, Defense Secretary Rumsfeld, Secretary of State Powell, and National Security Advisor Rice. The Vice President seemed happy and eager to eat as he kept rubbing his pot belly. Rice continued throughout the time keeping her firm, strict face as though she didnt quite understand the concept of what a vacation meant which was to relax. And finally the Presidents speech about the meaning and importance of Thanksgiving came along. This included special guests the King and Queen of Spain who would be attending the ball. Extra people I didnt know about but thrilled to know I would be in the presence of such royalty. Afternoon activities included horse back riding, swimming and other outdoor sports. The lunch was amazing. The menu consisted of free-range fresh turkey with giblet gravy, prairie chapel bass, mashed sweet potatoes with maple syrup and chipotle peppers, pan-roasted root vegetables, walnuts and apples, cornbread stuffing, pecan pie, pumpkin pie, and ice cream of all favors for desert. The President, his family and guests all ate inside for security reasons, so I was stuck sitting at the table with people from work. At the end after the food I knew what I needed, a nice cigarette so I went in search for a spot in which I would smoke. But before lighting up I realized I was at the far end of the villa in which I could clearly see into the Presidents office. There he was having a discussion with his advisor about some issue concerning the lack of security. He seemed very worried; by the way he was pacing rapidly back and forth with his hands folded. Before I could get caught I got myself out of there. .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 , .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .postImageUrl , .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 , .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:hover , .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:visited , .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:active { border:0!important; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:active , .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20 .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9612146caef83bb971ac0425dd04c20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Microsoft Windows Essay Time flew until it was time for the ballroom party. I wore my violet, long, stain dress and left my hair down. Simple, but I knew I looked good. Confident I walked in with . Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students Thanksgiving Essay Thanksgiving Essay The truth behind the tradition is surprising. Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims seem to go together, but the truth is, the Pilgrims never held an autumnal Thanksgiving feast. However the Pilgrims did have a feast in 1621, after their first harvest, and it is this feast, which people often refer to as The First Thanksgiving. This feast was never repeated, though, so it cant be called the beginning of a tradition, nor was it termed by the colonists or Pilgrims a Thanksgiving Feast. In fact, a day of thanksgiving was a day of prayer and fasting, and would have been held any time that they felt an extra day of thanks was called for. We will write a custom essay on Thanksgiving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nevertheless, the 1621 feast has become a model that we think of for our own Thanksgiving. The Pilgrims were not the first people to have a celebration of this kind. Many other civilizations held festivals to celebrate the harvest. The ancient Greeks and Romans prayed to the gods and goddesses of the harvest, and also originated the idea of the cornucopiathe horn of plenty. The Jews celebrate the holiday Sukkot, which honors the awards of the harvest, and the Chinese enjoy the celebration of the Harvest Moon. Even native New Yorkers commemorate the harvest long before Thanksgiving arrives. Pumpkins, apples and corn are abundant in the open-air markets of the city beginning in late September. The autumn of 1621 yielded a plentiful harvest and the Pilgrims, gathered together with the Massasoit Indians to reap the awards of hard work. Celebrating Thanksgiving is like celebrating an even that includes the dead of over 11,000 Wampanoag Indians died due to illnesses that they contracted from white settlers. The truth of the matter is, when the Pilgrims arrived, they found an abandoned Wampanoag village and moved right in. In 1618, a massive epidemic of an unknown disease left by English explorers swept across Wampanoag country and decimated many of the villages. This epidemic caused the death of ten to thirty percent of the total population and all but a few of the 2,000 people of the village of Patuxet. When the Pilgrims arrived in 1620, they landed at Patuxet with no idea of what had occurred. At this point, there were only about 2,000 members left in the Wampanoag tribe, down from 12,000 in 1600. Despite the incredible losses to his people, Wampanoag leader Massasoit and 90 of his men sat down for a harvest celebration offered by the white men. For three days the Wampanoag and Pilgrims feasted on deer, wild turkey, fish, beans, squash, corn and other foods native to North America. Although the celebration was good-natured, this event truly signifies the beginning of a drastic decline of native culture and Thanksgiving would be more fittingly observed as a day of mourning rather than a celebration. In the years that followed, skirmishes occurred and more Native Americans were killed. In 1637, English soldiers massacred 700 Pequot men, women and children as an example of the English way of war, yet we still celebrate Thanksgiving as a joyful event. So, as we sit down for our Thanksgiving dinner, let us consider the words of Frank James in his 1970 speech: Today is a time of celebrating for you but it is not a time of celebrating for me. It is with a heavy heart that I look back upon what happened to my people. When the Pilgrims arrived, we, the Wampanoags, welcomed them with open arms, little knowing that it was the beginning of the end. . Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students Thanksgiving Essay Thanksgiving Essay Day, national holiday in the U.S. commemorating the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony in 1621. The first national Thanksgiving Day was proclaimed by Pres. Washington for Nov. 26, 1789. Pres. Lincoln revived the custom in 1863. In 1941 Congress decreed that Thanksgiving should fall on the fourth Thursday of November. The customary turkey dinner is a reminder of the four wild turkeys served at the PILGRIMS first thanksgiving feast. national holiday in the United States commemorating the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony in 1621, after a winter of great starvation and privation. In that year Gov. William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving, and the feast was shared by all the colonists and the neighboring Native Americans. Although similar observances were held locally, they were sporadic and at no set time. After the American Revolution the first national Thanksgiving Day, proclaimed by George Washington, was Nov. 26, 1789. Abraham Lincoln, urged by Sarah J. We will write a custom essay on Thanksgiving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hale, revived the custom in 1863, appointing as the date the last Thursday of November. In 1939, 1940, and 1941 Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed Thanksgiving the third Thursday in November. When a contradiction arose between Roosevelts proclamation and some of those of state governors, Congress passed a joint resolution in 1941 decreeing that Thanksgiving should fall on the fourth Thursday of November. The day is observed by church services and family reunions; the customary turkey dinner is a reminder of the four wild turkeys served at the Pilgrims first thanksgiving feast. Bibliography: Student Referance Library . Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students Thanksgiving Essay Thanksgiving Essay Day, national holiday in the U.S. commemorating the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony in 1621. The first national Thanksgiving Day was proclaimed by Pres. Washington for Nov. 26, 1789. Pres. Lincoln revived the custom in 1863. In 1941 Congress decreed that Thanksgiving should fall on the fourth Thursday of November. The customary turkey dinner is a reminder of the four wild turkeys served at the PILGRIMS first thanksgiving feast. national holiday in the United States commemorating the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony in 1621, after a winter of great starvation and privation. In that year Gov. William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving, and the feast was shared by all the colonists and the neighboring Native Americans. Although similar observances were held locally, they were sporadic and at no set time. After the American Revolution the first national Thanksgiving Day, proclaimed by George Washington, was Nov. 26, 1789. Abraham Lincoln, urged by Sarah J. We will write a custom essay on Thanksgiving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hale, revived the custom in 1863, appointing as the date the last Thursday of November. In 1939, 1940, and 1941 Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed Thanksgiving the third Thursday in November. When a contradiction arose between Roosevelts proclamation and some of those of state governors, Congress passed a joint resolution in 1941 decreeing that Thanksgiving should fall on the fourth Thursday of November. The day is observed by church services and family reunions; the customary turkey dinner is a reminder of the four wild turkeys served at the Pilgrims first thanksgiving feast. Bibliography Student Referance Library History Reports . Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students Thanksgiving Essay When the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock almost four centuries ago, settlers laid the foundations for a republic. Thanksgiving Essay is a traditional American holiday celebrated on the third Thursday in November. The roots of the holiday date back to the early 17th century when a group of settlers made a difficult voyage from Europe to start a colony. Their first winter in what is now Massachusetts was devastating, and more than half of them died. The harvest later that year was minimal. In thanks for Gods many miracles that enabled them to survive and prosper. Later, an Indian named Squanto found the hungry and ill Americans, then he ran to his tribe and told them that there were some sick people on the shore so the Indian tribe brought food from there farms and helped the settlers survive. They celebrated with a feast of thanksgiving, which Americans commemorate today. Bibliography: . 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The Union Jack Flag - Flag of the United Kingdom

The Union Jack Flag - Flag of the United Kingdom The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the flag of the United Kingdom. The Union Jack has been in existence since 1606, when England and Scotland merged, but changed to its current form in 1801 when Ireland joined the United Kingdom Why the Three Crosses? In 1606, when England and Scotland were both ruled by one monarch (James I), the first Union Jack flag was created by merging the English flag (the red cross of Saint George on a white background) with the Scottish flag (the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew on a blue background). Then, in 1801, the addition of Ireland to the United Kingdom added the Irish flag (the red Saint Patricks cross) to the Union Jack. The crosses on the flags relate to the patron saints of each entity - St. George is the patron saint of England, St. Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland, and St. Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. Why Is It Called the Union Jack? While no one is quite certain where the term Union Jack originated, there are many theories. Union is thought to come from the union of the three flags into one.   As for Jack, one explanation states that for many centuries a jack referred to a small flag flown from a boat or ship and perhaps the Union Jack was used there first.   Others believe that Jack could come from the name of James I or from a soldiers jack-et. There are plenty of theories, but, in truth, the answer is that no one knows for sure where Jack came from. Also Called the Union Flag The Union Jack, which is most properly called the Union Flag, is the official flag of the United Kingdom and has been in its current form since 1801. The Union Jack on Other Flags The Union Jack is also incorporated into the flags of four independent countries of the British Commonwealth - Australia, Fiji, Tuvalu, and New Zealand.

An evaluation something on campus after closely studying this Essay

An evaluation something on campus after closely studying this something ,develop fair criteria topic can be a specific place,event,or service(must be on campus) - Essay Example The staff has been specifically trained and organized to manage the health of the students. There is enough medication for the students in the college and this leads to a better way of running the campus since there is not much time wasted on treating the students. One of the major drawbacks of the health care systems is that it has a paying fees for the service provided, which comes at a cost to the students who expect subsidised costs and cheap services, which is something missing from this system. The health care system also does not have enough space to cater to a large number of people at the same time, and this may prove to be futile if there arises a need to cater to a large number of students. Since all the students are eligible for treatments it basically depends on who can afford the treatment and who cannot. To meet the requirement of each and every student the college has made sure that the treatment comes cheap and not too expensive so that the people don’t have to think twice before going for the health care system. The health care center also offers health insurance for the students at a very nominal charge. This is done to facilitate health consciousness and awareness among the students of the college and to allow them to retain benefit from the college at the cheapest prices. The idea is to make sure that if anything happens to the students then the health insurance will cover the greatest of the greatest costs of the students and that shall also help him to undergo his treatment at low prices. Whenever a student visits the college a confidential health record is maintained by the college health center. This is done to maintain the privacy of the student and also in the best interest of medical ethics. There are certain rights which the patient has and these shall be understood in detail. The first and the foremost right the patient has is the right to be given quality treatment irrespective of the background of the

Pro and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana Research Paper

Pro and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana - Research Paper Example Scientists have conducted many experiments on marijuana, which have proved that the plant has very many medicinal attributes. Protagonists are pushing for marijuana legalization by showing evidence that the plant can be used to control or cure a variety of medical complications. First, marijuana has anti-inflammatory attributes, and it is also used as a pain reliever. It is a very potent pain reliever that can be used to numb pain experienced by patients with AIDS, Cancer or multiple sclerosis and other painful medical conditions. Marijuana also contains substances that can prevent Alzheimer’s disease or some of the symptoms, especially in elderly people. Marijuana has also indicated great success in fighting neurological decay and inflammation caused by old age. Marijuana has been used to control seizures, increase appetite in AIDS and cancer victims, fight glaucoma, epilepsy and muscular dystrophy. Scientists have also isolated cancer-fighting substances in marijuana that ha ve proved to beneficial in the fight against cancer. These are a few examples of the medicinal value of marijuana and as more research is conducted on the plant, there are prospects in finding new medicinal attributes of the cannabis plant. It is only ethical for lawmakers to consider these beneficial attributes of marijuana, which surpass its abuse, therefore, legalizing the cannabis plant (Caulkins, 2012). Economically, the government will reap billions from legalizing marijuana because it is an underground and untaxed business.

Women in Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Women in Psychology - Essay Example Karen Horney maintained additional views of children and the onset of anxiety, granting her respect in the psychological community. This project describes the background of Karen Horney and highlights her many contributions to psychology. Karen Horney (1885-1952) grew up in Hamburg, Germany to more affluent, upper-middle-class parents with a Protestant background. Horney’s father was a deeply religious man and a ship captain while her mother was a more liberal thinker who promoted Horney to succeed in medical school (Smith, 2007). This was during a period in the early 20th Century when women had not yet achieved the right to vote, making Horney’s arrival in medical school in 1906 a monumental event, especially with her focus on studying Freud’s viewpoints on psychoanalysis (Eckardt, 2005). In the 1920’s, Horney began to challenge Freud’s viewpoint on masculinity and femininity, especially in areas of sexual development and sexual instinct. She began to criticize Freud’s perspective in which he believed that women felt inferior to men because they did not have a penis (Eckardt). Horney felt that this was a very one-sided perspective, riddled with masculine narcissism, which consistently created bias against women during psychoanalysis. Over time, Horney redeveloped Freud’s view on feminine sexuality and created a new template by which women are assessed: One in which the absence of a penis no longer became the perceived foundation of women’s troubles. In a sense, based on the women’s suffrage movements occurring during this time period, Horney managed to liberate women when being analyzed for psychological study as more than merely the product of masculine envy. Sigmund Freud laid the foundation for many of the views of the time regarding anxiety and the development of positive personality traits. Over the years, Karen Horney redeveloped the view of anxiety by suggesting that anxiety is not

Ethics and Morality of the Death Penalty | Personal View

Ethics and Morality of the Death Penalty | Personal View The death penalty is an immoral and ineffective policy. In this paper I will show that the death penalty is ineffective and immoral. I will prove that it is ineffective by showing that it has been imposed on innocent people, targets racial minorities, and does not deter crime. In addition, I will prove that it is an immoral practice. The death penalty has been imposed on innocent people in the past. Researchers James Liebman and Jeffry Fagan examined death penalty cases in a time period of twenty-two years and found that most of the cases were not conducted correctly, and that many of the defendants were innocent. Of the eighty-two percent of defendants with death sentences that were overturned by state appellate courts7% were found to be innocent of the capital crime charged (Schmalleger). The innocence of some of the defendants convicted of a capital crime proves the fallibility of the juries which convicted them. Juries impose their racial prejudices when finding a defendant guilty or innocent. This is evident in the ratio of African Americans and Caucasian Americans in the population, compared to the ration of them convicted with the death penalty. African Americans compose of twelve percent of the population of the United States, and they compose of forty-two percent of the number of current people on death row. Moreover, in almost every death penalty [of a black person], the race of the victim is white, whereas [since 1972] only one [death penalty] has involved a white defendant for the murder of a black person (Schmalleger). These statistics clearly indicate that juries impose their racial prejudices on defendants. Crime rates do not deter in states with the death penalty. Many death penalty apologists claim that the imposition of the death penalty deters people from committing violent crimes. However, studies have shown that homicides in some states with the death penalty are, shockingly, higher than those without it. Moreover, it is also a financial burden to impose the death penalty on people. It costs more to impose the death penalty on someone than it does to confine them to prison for life. The concept of the death penalty is immoral in itself, for it returns a wrong for a wrong. The wrongness or evil of an action is not affected when imposed on someone who committed a wrong in the past. This is because the wrongness of an action exists within the action itself, and not the circumstances in which the action is committed. The reason that the state gets involved when someone does some sort of wrong is because that wrong has somehow disturbed the order of society. And people are jailed or imprisoned to prevent them from further disturbing the order of society. But returning the wrong (e.g. the death penalty) does not repair the order that existed prior to the first wrong, but only disturbs it more. This is because retribution (e.g. imposing the death penalty on someone who murdered someone) is not a good and if it were the case that it is a good then someone should be able to enact revenge on someone who wronged them in the past. For example, if it were the case that retri bution is good then a man should be able to steal from a thief who stole from him in the first place. Another example is someone raping an individual who raped them prior to the first incident. These two examples clearly show that it is evidently untrue that retribution is good. Thus, the death penalty is not beneficial to society, and it is also immoral. In this paper I have showed that the death penalty is both ineffective and immoral. It is ineffective in that it does not deter crime, it is imposed on innocent people, and targets racial minorities. It is immoral because it returns a wrong for a wrong, and a wrong is never right, evidently. Therefore, the death penalty is an immoral and ineffective practice. Reference:Â  Schmalleger, Frank. Criminology. 2nd. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, 2011.

Immigrants in Singapore

Name: Clara Soo Wen Lin (4) Class: 2E History Holiday SEQ Assignment Question 1(a) Immigrants came to early Singapore due to push factors such as famines and droughts as well as natural disasters and starvation, and the desire to seek protection and safety. India was overpopulated and the immigrants faced many droughts and natural disasters in their homeland. After droughts wiped out their crops and resulted in famine, many would be forced to find jobs in the city in order to earn a living to feed their families. However, jobs were scarce which caused many of them to seek employment outside of India. With the prospect of finding jobs outside, this would at least give them a chance to survive. Similarly in China, with famines and droughts being a common occurrence, accompanied by the shortage of fertile land for crop cultivation, a huge portion of the population who worked as labourers or farmers resulted in starving. Furthermore, there was much disorder and unrest in China as the people were trying to overthrow the corrupted Qing government, resulting in many Chinese seeking protection and safety outside China. On the coastal areas in the Malay Archipelago, pirate attacks were frequents; in war-torn areas in Sumatra, Java and Malaya, life was extremely unsafe, which was why many Malays were â€Å"pushed† to leave their homeland. Therefore, the first reason why immigrants came to early Singapore was because of push factors such as famines and droughts as well as natural disasters and starvation, and the desire to seek protection and safety. Pull factors which brought many immigrants to Singapore was because Singapore can provide more job and business opportunities as well as better living conditions, the free immigration policies and not to forget that Singapore was a free trading port. As news of the founding of Singapore spread to neighbouring countries and even the countries as far away as India and China, many traders and shippers were attracted to Singapore where they could enjoy freedom of trade, which meant that they did not have to pay any customs duties or taxes on goods they brought into, or out of, Singapore. Singapore also served as a efficient trading centre where the British traders could sell their goods to people throughout Southeast Asia. Large numbers of people from the Malay Archipelago, Southeast Asia, India, China and other parts of the world flocked to Singapore to trade or to look for work because of the free immigration policies which meant that the immigrants were allowed to come and go as they pleased. As there was no warfare in Singapore then, it provided the Malays with a peaceful and safe place to settle down into. In this manner, Singapore in the 19th century was like a magnet which attracted many immigrants due to the many pull factors such as free immigration policies, freedom of trade, more job and business opportunities as well as better living conditions. Question 1(b) I agree to a large extent that the success of Singapore as a prosperous trading centre depended solely on the contributions of the migrant workers who came to Singapore in the 19th century. To shape Singapore into what it is today – a successful and prosperous trading centre – was mainly due to the presence of trade activities and revenue earned. However, it did not depend on the immigrants solely as Farquhar and Raffles were key figures in solving the problems brought about by the migrant workers along with their contributions to Singapore. The Malays contributed to trade by bringing in straits produce like coffee, birds’ nests, spices and rice from the East Indies to Singapore. Straits produce are the products that are grown in the East Indies. These Straits produce helped to widen the variety of goods being traded between Singapore and other countries. Therefore, trade was enhanced. In the aspect of education, some Malays who were educated worked as journalists or teachers. One famous example is Munshi Abdullah who could speak many languages and also wrote books about the early Singapore. Malays were also expert boat-builders. Besides making boats for traders, they also served as sailors and officers on the ships. Others worked as policemen, fishermen and watchmen. The Chinese also made many contributions from middlemen to merchants and planters. Some Chinese businessmen acted as middlemen between the British and the non-English speaking traders. They bought straits produce from the Asians and sold them to the British. Most of the middlemen were Peranakans. Among them were Tan Kim Seng and Tan Tock Seng. Some Chinese were shopkeepers who sold daily needs like cloth, medicine and provisions. Hoo Ah Kay was a shopkeeper who supplied ships with bread and vegetables. He also owned a bakery and an accessories shop. He owned a large gambier plantation and he was the first businessman who produced cash crops in large amount. Other than the above mentioned, Chinese also served as skilled labourers like carpenters, barbers and goldsmiths. Those who were unskilled worked as hawkers, servants, coolies and rickshaw-pullers. In terms of business, North Indians became milkmen who sold milk to other Indians or Europeans. They reared cows, goat and buffaloes to get their milk. Others were shopkeepers who provided daily needs like food, cloth and laundry services. Besides these, The Indian Muslims served as moneychangers and also moneylenders. Lastly, we also have the Sikhs who were good policemen and watchmen because of their strength and body size. The thieves were scared of their Beards and turbans. Europeans had the knowledge of trade and commerce. They setup companies, which had connections with Europe with their capital. They sold the goods that were made in Europe and shipped the goods that they bought from Asia back to Europe. Among them were Alexander Guthrie and Edward Boustead. The European merchants gave their opinions and pointed out the weaknesses of the government here. Some of them volunteered to be unpaid judges. They helped to maintain law and order in this way. Even though the immigrants played a significant role in contributing to Singapore to aid her development, they also created many problems for the settlement. Singapore became a lawless society, where secret societies were rampant because many of the Chinese who voluntarily joined were lonely in a new settlement and sought for friendship, protection as well as help and assistance that they believed the secret societies could provide them with. These people committed many crimes, from gang robberies to obstruction to justice and even to the extent of murder. They were a powerful group of people as the inefficient police force was ill-equipped in the 1800s and they could not understand the language of the Chinese secret societies. This resulted in insecurities of the residents in Singapore and may result in traders doubting the security of Singapore and not coming here to trade. This would implicated our port prosperity and bring down our revenue earned. Other key figures such as Raffles and Farquhar also have to be credited for their share of contribution to the development of Singapore. Raffles drew up a Town Plan during his visit to Singapore in 1822 as he found that the settlement had grown in a most disorderly manner. The town was divided into different areas for government, business and residential. Different races also settled in different areas of town, which could help reduce conflict between the different races who practised different cultures. Farquhar, on the other hand, firstly helped to get the traders from the places nearby to come to Singapore and trade as not many people knew about the settlement in Singapore. He invited the immigrants from Malacca to come and trade and stationed an office at St. John’s Island to inform the trading ships passing by about the settlement in Singapore. Apart from setting a stable foundation for the trading port, he also took care of problems such as the lack of building materials, food, tools and other necessities, the pests that roamed all over the settlement and also tried to solve the problem of common occurrences of crimes and robberies by setting up a small police force. Therefore, in conclusion, I agree to a large extent that the success of Singapore as a prosperous trading centre depended solely on the contributions of the migrant workers . The migrant workers contributed in different areas, mainly building the settlement, promoting trade, working for the government and also serving the community. Their contributions went a long way in helping the people and improving their lives in the long run. Without the hark word of these migrant workers, the fact that Singapore became a successful port would not have been made possible. On the other hand, I would have to disagree that success of Singapore was only due to the immigrants' contributions. Other key figures such as Raffles and Farquhar played a significant role in guiding Singapore through, hand-in-hand with the immigrants.

Do Women Have To Behave Like Men In Order To Succeed Essay

The old Virginia Slims cigarette print advertisement said â€Å"You’ve come a long way baby. †, a reference to the fight of women for rights equivalent to those of men. Indeed women’s suffrage has come a long way from the days of chaining themselves to wagons in the crusade to get women the right to vote. These days, women have become an important and integral part of society. Women are now movers, shakers, and builders who help shape the future not only of nations, but of the world. The question being asked now is â€Å"Have women lost their sense of womanhood in the quest to be treated as an equal of their male counterparts in the workplace? I believe that nothing could be further from the truth. Women do not have to behave like men in order to succeed because it is their womanhood that sets them apart and makes them more effective than men in most instances. I believe that women are successful in whatever they undertake because they have been blessed with the ability to balance hard as nails logic with emotional consideration for the final outcome of various discussions. This is not to say that one sex or the other shall be more successful in a given field based solely upon the gender of a person. A clear example of such a scenario can be seen in the highly successful political careers of former Arkansas governor and president of the country Bill Clinton and his wife, the senator from New York Hillary Rodham Clinton. Their relationship I believe, is a symbiotic one wherein Hillary was allowed to keep her femininity even has she proved to be just as hard working and dedicated to her political career as any man elected to public office. This is a political relationship that borrows strengths and weaknesses from each other. Bill Clinton styled himself after his political idol, the late president John F. Kennedy but, recognized the potential of his wife to be his productive partner in the political arena not only because she was a woman, but because she is a highly intelligent and analytical person who can see things that he may not see. While Bill Clinton was viewed as a politician gifted with skill, intelligence and an uncanny ability to deceive people for his own political benefit, he was also granted the abilities of resiliency and endurance. The very same qualities that people now see Hillary sharing with remarkable similarity with her husband who is also her political mentor. It is this sharing of strengths and weaknesses that makes him a formidable man and she a formidable woman. As a woman, Hillary faced the same problems and wife faces, most notably, the seemingly endless philandering of her husband and the subsequent results of her decision to stay by his side no matter what the cost. She has always shown that she is a true-blue woman in dealing with her private affairs with her husband by keeping her reactions out of the press and dealing with the problem privately whenever possible. This however, did not make her less of an equal in the eyes of her husband who gave her, at the time of his presidency, the voice to be heard in the political decision making process that is usually reserved for the vice president and attorney general. President Clinton had openly said during his presidency that he valued her opinion and she had influence on his administrative policies. Did she have to behave like a man to achieve that status in their relationship? No. Instead, she was the other voice that Clinton may or may not have heard from his political advisers. She was the voice of the women in the White House. Since they were a tag team in the White House during his presidency, it is expected that if Hillary makes it to the White House in 2008, Bill will then take on the role of adviser to the president just as Hillary did for him and in the process, they will continue to be mirror images of each other for the benefit of the country. This time, Bill will be voice of the men that Hillary listens to and considers. In conclusion, I would like to point out that some of the most notable names of political leaders in the 20th century have been women. Margaret Thatcher, Cory Aquino, and Indira Gandhi to name but a few. All are women who were not just political leaders but daughters, wives, and mothers as well. Women in the true sense of the word, but leaders in the world formerly dominated by men as well.

Marketing Management Essays

Marketing Management Essays Marketing Management Essay Marketing Management Essay Essay Topic: Shane | You are here: * Home * Business * Small Business Information * Marketing * Marketing management Marketing/Marketing management Advertisement Expert:  Leo Lingham   10/7/2009 Question Sir could you please answer the following two questions for me? I need your help in answering these. PLease reply me as soon as possible. 1. Marketing management an artistic exercise and therefore highly subjective versus marketing management is largely a scientific excercise with well established guidelines and criteria 2. How does cause or corporate societal marketing affect consumers personal behavior? Clarify in context to the products and services you are using or planning to purchase. Answer SARA, HERE IS   SOME USEFUL   MATERIAL. REGARDS LEO LINGHAM ========================================= 1. Marketing management an artistic exercise and therefore highly subjective versus marketing management is largely a scientific excercise with well established guidelines and criteria MARKETING   MANAGEMENT   IS   A   SCIENTIFIC EXERCISE   WITH   ESTABLISHED GUIDELINES/ OBJECTIVES. SCOPE   Ã‚  OF   MARKETING   MANAGEMENT Establish   , direct, administer   and   coordinate the   overall product marketing programs   Ã‚  for   all   Ã‚  Products.. Strategically   plan for, develop   and profitably penetrate   the   markets to which   the   products, services   and   capabilities   of   the   company   can be directed. These   activities   include -studying economic indicators -tracking   changes in   supply   and   demand -identifying customers   and   their   current   and   future needs -monitoring the competition. ========================================================= THIS SCOPE   IS   Ã‚  THE RESULT   OF THE   FOLLOWING: * Analysis * Discussion * judgement Illustration * Decision ON   THESE   Ã‚  ELEMENTS. External Analysis 1. Customer Analysis Segments Motivations Unmet Needs 2. Competitor Analysis Identify Performance Image Objectives Strategies Strengths Weaknesses 3. Market Analysis Size Projected Growth Entry Barriers D istribution System Trends Key Success factors 4. Environmental Analysis Technology Government Regulations Economic Trend I A. Opportunities B. Threats C. Trends D. Others Customer/Market Segment Analysis SEGMENTATION Biggest Customers/Market Segments Profitable ones/Attractive Potential The purpose of differentiation is to set up own brands. This is the process that converses goods or services to a strong brand. Differentiation aims to ensure goods or services have different features and characteristics of a companys products. Differentiation focuses on the innovation of goods or services rather than the low price in competition. Because of the unique element of goods or services, producers can charge more prices but still have a lot of customers and get the customers appreciation. When there is no cost advantage to compete with low cost, differentiation becomes the only choice for enterprise to make a business viable and to develop a competitive market. The information acquired from market research is the necessary foundation necessary to establish a differentiation strategy. Using research results, you can specify a list of specific aspects of your brand different from competitors. Consider two light products, they are two unused products and the power are 100 watts. If you must buy one of them, which brand will you choose: Blue Sparks (U.S. $3) or White Heat ($ U.S2.5)? Customers seem unconscious of the difference between 2 products, which one is better? White Heat, of course, because this product is cheaper than 50 cents. The author will analyze this case below. Everyone expects good services come with your transaction. If you cannot provide good services, you cannot participate in competitive market today. Service quality is extremely difficult for competitors to imitate when they want, because the service is not an inanimate object. It is very hard to train employees so that they can always provide high quality services. It is also a difficult for your opponents if they want to copy your service quality. Doyle (1989) said that to build a successful brand, service is the important key to gain sustainable differential advantage. According to Barwise, P. (2004): There is a solution to make a differentiation: be better. There are some reasons to use service differentiation: First, service quality is very hard to achieve, you will probably success or fail when using this strategy. No doubt about the big achievement if it works, but there are too many factors beyond control. Thus, the use of service differentiation factor should only be done if you have the capacity to achieve a higher quality level of opponent and maintain good quality. Second, customers become more and more difficult; they have awareness that quality is required. As well as product quality, service quality is what customers expect you to automatically provide them. And the last one, using service differentiation is a great risk, because the brand has guaranteed to do something, they must do it seriously. If you guaranteea great service but this is not done, the result is actually very bad. Customers will know it and your business can break apart. Canons slogan is delighting you always which it means customers always feels excited when they take picture by this camera. Therefore, the employees will explain clearly to customers about the camera when they have problems. If the customers understand how to use it clearly, they will not have problems. This will makes customer comfortable with the service and they will come back again. It is the strategy that Canon has used to get more follow-up business. Viettel becomes largest telecom service provider with lots of promotion on prepay packet, post paid package, home phone and Internet, etc. Besides, the customer service is very good, when customers have any problems with product or service, the employee can help you. This 24-hour-a-day service provides a satisfaction to customers. Volvo brand around outstanding benefits: safety. They do everything possible to improve this characteristic. This success make their competitors recognize the importance of investing in safety features of the product. * Definition Kotler and Keller (2009) show that if you have better employees than the competitors, you will have more sustainable competitive advantage. A companys employees should not be overlooked, it will be a important turning-point to crush the competitors. Businesses have to spend time and money to choose good employees and train their skill to become better. A well-trained production staff will makes a better quality product or service. The businesses have to differentiate themselves to gain a competitive advantage through skillful employees who can serve customers with good characteristics: appearance, knowledge, intelligence, self restraint, honesty, courage, patience, empathy, competence, courtesy, credibility, reliability, responsiveness and communication. Herb Kelleher (1999), CEO of Southwest Airlines said that: competitors can do everything to imitate the tangibles. They may make same policies, same prices to compete with you. But they cannot copy is the spirit of your people. Gucci is the symbol of luxury goods, such as Gucci Loves New York handbag collection are sold out in 2 days. A lot of rich people think that these product can reflect their VIP lifestyle. For KFC product, people are familiar with the image of old man, white hair, wearing eyeglass. This image appears everywhere: supermarkets, stores, bars. Customer can easily identify this mage is belonged to KFC. Starbucks is a coffee brand which is evaluated very high by customers. They said that Starbuckss system is very warm and close. Its interior is quite special with a lot of sofas. In this report, the author has analyzed various techniques of differentiation. Differentiation in the current information age is really a great challenge for brand. All the differences can be copied and improved, that makes differentiation becomes obsolete. For this reason, business has to create major technical barriers with creative ways that many competitors cannot keep up or follow because the risk is too great. This can only be as the brand management and sensitivity to predict market trends to offer products and services completely distinct from competitors. That is the reason why you should create a breakthrough to add and improve the benefits of the product with the ultimate objective is to improve the competitiveness of products on the market.

Business Analysis in the Class Projects Example

Business Analysis in the Class Projects Example Business Analysis in the Class Projects – Assignment Example ï » ¿Business Analysis in the Class Projects   True or False   1. Free trade makes good economic sense.   True 2. Dumping is when a company sells their product in another country below their domestic price and actual cost.  True 3. Developing findings for marketing involves setting research objectives and identifying possible marketing actions.  False 4. As a manager, sales forecasting techniques can help you understand your potential profits and manage your expenses.  True 5. African American, Turkish men between the ages of 15-30 who are in high school or college is an example of a target market by demographic.  True 6. Placing all consumers into one group is an example of segmenting buyers  False 7. Game Theory is about analyzing strategic moves one company makes against another in a given industry.  True 8. Consumers really donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t need to learn much about toothpaste.  True 9. Consumers may spend a lot of time on the Internet analyzing the best computer for their needs.  True 10. A dress shirt with no sleeves might be a reason for its failure.  True 11. Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Zune failed because it came to market a little too late.  True 12. Groupthink is a reason why products can fail. True 13. Groupthink is when everyone making a major strategic decision is able to speak freely.  False 14. You can bring a product to the commercialization stage without screening and evaluation and be successful.  False 15. Service businesses are about Customer Experience Management.  True QUESTION 4   What is business analysis and why is it important? Explain what’s involved by sharing the analysis in your class projects.   Business analysis is a process that allows companies to identify its business needs and problems and solution for these problems in a way that it can serve its serve the market profitably and satisfy its stakeholders. The two most important and widely accepted tools for business analysis are PESTLE and SWOT. PESTLE is acronym that stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environmental factors of a business environment. This allows companies to understand what kind of challenges or advantage business environment can offer. SWOT analysis allows analyzing possibilities of growth and survival for the company from the internal and external environment. It stands for strengths and weakness which are the organizational internal factors and Opportunity and threats which are offered by the business environment for the company. Strengths Revolutionary device Integration of phone, music player, and PDA Availability to access to network contents (Maps, Calendar, Contact, and Files) Advanced touch screen (first multi touch screen) Limitless upgradeability (by addition of application, or an upgrade of OS) Better usability than old PDA Apple’s brand image Synergies with apple’s computers, software, and accessories Diversity of distribution Loyal customers Weakness Price User Interface Battery life (as mobile device) Poor internet connection (2G/3G/Wi-Fi availability) Less resolution camera Lack of phone provider (AT&T is only the company customer can choose) Difficulties to use (much complicated than an â€Å"average† phone) Limited data storage as the device to store data Less image on apple’s business adaptability Opportunity Innovation of smart phone market Market is opened for the people who are now on the job or soon on the job Potential world-wide market Open new business chance by opening its application market To expand company’s loyal customer To have strong connection(s) with cell phone company Threats Technology advance AT&T customer service (in the U.S.) Program crashes, or even virus programs provided by third party application Difficulty expanding to specific market (Japan, and probably China) Increasing competition in smart phone market QUESTION 5   What are the four I’s of service? Give an example of the four I’s using one service product that exists in South Korea and not in the USA. Be specific.   The four I’s of service marketing are intangibility, inseparability, inventory and inconsistency. Intangibility means that services can not be produced and stored. Services are produced and consumed simultaneously. Inseparability stands for the organization’s reputation linked with the services it offers. If service fails it can leads to failure of the company as well. Inventory is not possible in services as it can not be stored. Services needs to be consistent and should provide similar or better experience to the customer every time. For example JW Marriott Hotel Seoul the reputation of this multinational hotel is linked with its high class service and consumer experience it offers to its clientele. Irrespective of which part of the country customer is visiting, Marriot group of hotels maintain their database and take care of their preferences. The services are always consistent. Each visit of consumer offers similar or better experience. Question #8   True or False   1. Having standards are important in order to measure success  True 2. A good example of a global brand is Papa Ginoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Pizza  True 3. A tariff is placed on goods which is the amount of product allowed into a country  False 4. Quotas are taxes on products leaving a country  False 5. Protectionism really doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t exist with free markets between countries that exist around the world  True 6. Direct investment is risk less when you know what your doing in the process  True 7. A product adaptation might be changing a product so that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more appropriate to the countries climate or consumer preferences  True 8. The problem with secondary data is that it can be out of date with the times  True 9. People never have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a story when it comes to goods and services  True 10. An example of a marketing driver is price  True QUESTION10   Explain the 5 criteria for selecting target markets. Using your projects, give an example of each.   The product to be sold is iPhone 3G which is a highly advance technical product. The target consumer should be depended on the internet technology and want to do multiple activities like accessing network contents, integrate it with phone, use it for entertainment purpose and as a PDA. 1. Consumer disposable income 2. consumer should be technology savvy 3. Consumer should have or willing to use range of activities from internet access to entertainment through the iPhone 4. Consumers looking for updates for their technical gadgets 5. Consumers fond of large touch screen. All these qualities are possible with the professionals in job or going to do jobs, high disposable incomes, and technology oriented, fond of best technical gadgets of the market place and continuously look for upgrading their mobile phones. Question 11   video case ch.10 1.Location 2 a Target market Target market is on-the-go women looking for small portions. 2b Positioning The product is positioned as single serve treats, warm and small portions and occasional delicious treats. 2 c Opportunities and Hindrances of target market and positioning Strengths were Good taste, good preparation, single portion and no cleanups. Cakes were usually bought for occasion. There were other problems of microwave, high calories desert problem, pricing problem, communication and lack of innovation. 3 a Market research conducted Study revealed list of problems from the perception and possible attitude resulting in low sales 3b Critical questions and advice What the target consumer wants? Target consumer wants small portion, warm and delicious treats. Does out products offer that? Changes in products according to the preferences of target consumer, better marketing and branding strategies and good quality products. 3c Impact on Marketing Mix Product, pricing, place and promotion all aspects have been covered. The products were made available at different stores in order to increase, small portion with different prices were made available and the stock of the products on the retail store was strategized to make it more appealing. 4 a Initial Promotional plan Promotional plans talked about the changes of the product making it more appealing and putting it to the supermarket shelves and in displays of various stores where target consumer can be reached. 4b Reason of Promotional plan after launch The ongoing feedback program helped the company to get consistent information and feedback on the strategies adopted and incorporate changes time to time. 5 Changes recommended The products can be made more suitable to the children and people with diversified lifestyles.